In the context of simulation and embedded computing, it is about approximating real-world values with a digital representation that introduces limits on the precision and range of a value. Quantization introduce
What is quantization? ¹ Dong Liu, Meng Jiang, Kaiser Pister, "LLMEasyQuant - An Easy to Use Toolkit for LLM Quantization",https://arxiv.org/pdf/2406.19657v2. ² Benoit Jacob, Skirmantas Kligys, Bo Chen, Menglong Zhu, Matthew Tang, Andrew Howard, Hartwig Adam, Dmitry Kalenichenko,"Qu...
Assuming that the input signal is sinusoidal, the rms signal equals the converter's full-scale range divided by the square root of 2. All analog to digital converters (ADC) have rms noise that the quantization error generates. The real SNR of an ADC can be calculated using the fundamental ...
use the lsb for encoding and decoding. in jpeg compression, the image is divided into blocks, and the lsbs are often discarded during quantization to reduce file size. while this reduces image quality, it can be imperceptible to the human eye. how is the lsb utilized in network protocols?
DeepSeek deploys quantization techniques that use 8-bit numbers rather than 32-bit and mixed precision training (FP16 and FP32 calculations). These ensure the AI tool doesn’t use a lot of memory while speeding up computation and ensuring precision. Other te...
Vector Quantization and Clustering: These methods organize vectors into groups with similar characteristics, mitigating the impact of outliers and variance within the data. Embedding Refinement: For domain-specific applications, refining embeddings with additional training or techniques like retrofitting improves...
The planning of quantization work uses the values of fp32 in int8. This is finished by binning the qualities: planning scopes of qualities in the fp32 space into individual int8 values. For instance, two loads constants 1.2251 and 1.6125 in fp32 may both be changed over to 12 in int8,...
What is OWASP? The Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP) is an international non-profit organization withweb applicationsecurity as its core mission. OWASP strives to help other organizations improve their web application security by providing a range of free information through documents, tools...
A rounding error, or round-off error, is a mathematical miscalculation or quantization error caused by altering a number to an integer or one with fewer decimals. Basically, it is the difference between the result of a mathematical algorithm that uses exact arithmetic and that same algorithm us...
RAG Time is a brand-new AI learning series designed to help developers unlock the full potential of Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG). If you’ve been...