The human immune system recognizes these molecules and, upon encountering a molecule different from the type regularly present in the body, treats it as a foreign element that should be attacked. For example, if
It’s common for people to wrongly associate all the dangers of smoking with nicotine, the well-known molecule in tobacco. While it is addictive and not risk-free, nicotine is not the primary cause of smoking-related diseases. These diseases are associated primarily with the exposure to toxic...
Glucose is a form of monosaccharide which is found to be the source of energy in living organisms such as humans. In humans, glucose is found in blood, which is why it's referred to as "blood sugar"Answer and Explanation: The most common form of glucose is d-glucose. It is naturally...
Macrocyticanemiais a kind of anemia in which the erythrocytes (red blood cells) are abnormally big, a condition called macrocytosis or macrocythemia. The size of these red blood cells (RBCs) makes them more likely to rupture prematurely. However, like with all types of anemia, macrocytic anem...
What is the most common white blood cell? What is the term for red blood cells containing oxygen? What is the red blood cell life cycle? Which specific cells are used to knock out the defective CFTR gene? How many heme groups are in each mo...
It’s common for people to wrongly associate all the dangers of smoking with nicotine, the well-known molecule in tobacco. While it is addictive and not risk-free, nicotine is not the primary cause of smoking-related diseases. These diseases are associated primarily with the exposure to toxic...
What Is a Naïve Cell?Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell that carry out effector functions against foreign particles that could cause an infection. They play an integral role in human adaptive immunity due to their antigen-specificity. ...
But blood is the most commonly tested part of the body, and it is truly the river of life. Every cell in the body gets its nutrients from blood. Understanding blood will help you as your doctor explains the results of your blood tests. In addition, you will learn amazing things about ...
in the body in the structure of cell membranes. It is also a precursor to the formation of hormones, including estrogen and testosterone, which also are steroids. However, high levels of LDL cholesterol can lead to plaque deposits in blood vessels and potentially to high blood pressure and ...
Therefore, estimation of the accumulated internal dose and the exposure from such electrophilic, short-lived compounds and metabolites is easier through measurement of Hb adducts than of DNA adducts. Compared to white blood cells, required to obatin DNA, red blood cells (RBC) may also be easier...