As the initial surge of adrenaline subsides, the hypothalamus activates a second part of the stress response system known at the HPA axis. The HPA axis consists of the hypothalamus, the pituitary glands, and the adrenal glands. The HPA axis is responsible for keeping the sympathetic nervous syst...
If the body uses up its adrenaline and still needs more energy, the hypothalamus will activate the second component of the fight-or-flight system, known as the HPA axis. This ensures that the switch to the SNS remains “on” for as long as the perceived threat exists. The HPA ...
with females exhibiting stronger immune responses than males [5,12], this possibly being a reason for the better outcomes of females infected by COVID-19. The aim of this review is to clarify a number of issues
Neurogenesistakes place in the subventricular zone (SVZ) that forms the lining of the lateral ventricles and the subgranular zone that forms part of the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus area. The SVZ is the site where neuroblasts are formed, which migrate via the rostral migratory stream to the...
Hope and love are popular themes of literature and art in many human societies. The human physiology of love and hope is less well understood. This review presents evidence that the lack of love and/or hope delays growth disturbs development and maturati
Androgen regulation of adrenocorticotropin and corticosterone secretion in the male rat following novelty and foot shock stressors To examine mechanisms responsible for sex differences in hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis responsiveness to stress, we studied the role of androgen... RJ Handa,KM ...
Glucocorticoid action is regulated by a corticotrophin-releasing hormone, arginine vasopressin (AVP)/oxytocin pathway, GR, and regulators such as co-chaperone FKBP5. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the GR gene,CRHR1gene andFKBP5gene affect HPA-axis sensitivity. The GR gene SNPBclI has...
Because of this, much of your fresh produce that us humans would have historically relied upon for nutrients are insteadartificially high in calories, fructose and other sugars while being low in nutrients. And of course, this is all passed on to the animals (including you!) that are eating...
1. Life adversity, like getting fired or breaking up with a partner, can make people depressed. The biological correlate of this seems to be the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA), where your brain tells your adrenal glands to produce glucocorticoid stress hormones like cortisol and this...
part of the gland is also responsible for making aldosterone, a hormone that helps control blood pressure.) Cortisol is released via a feedback loop between yourhypothalamus,pituitary gland, andadrenal glands, which together make up what’s called the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. ...