In these circumstances, oxygen is reduced by the phagocyte NADPH oxidase, and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are important for the microbicidal activity of the cells, are generated. The structure and function of the NADPH oxidase have been resolved in part by studying cells from patients ...
The Biological Impact of Oxidative Metabolism in Trypanosomatid Parasites: What Is the Perfect Balance Between Reactive Species Production and Antioxidant Defenses?Chapter First Online: 27 October 2019 pp 127–173 Cite this chapter Oxidative Stress in Microbial Diseases ...
In parallel to these processes, regulation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is also demonstrated, which, in this case, contributes to the increased inflammatory response and the production of ROS. NADPH oxidase (NOX), the main enzyme expressed by granulocytes and macrophages, induces the ...
Pseudomonas syringae is one of the most common plant pathogens that infect the phyllosphere. P. syringae can live on the plant surface as an epiphyte. To cause disease, it enters the plant, through wounds or natural openings such as stomata, and multiplies within the apoplast. P. syringae is...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease with relapse and remission periods. Ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease are two major forms of the disease. IBD imposes a lot of sufferings on the patient and has many consequences; however, the most important is the increased...
ECD is a well-known instigator of cardiovascular morbidity and it develops in CKD with a remarkable frequency. Flow-dependent relaxation of conduit vessels, a function of endothelium-derived relaxing factors, mainly nitric oxide (NO) production, is suppressed in patients and animals with CKD. ...
Localization and function of a 5-HT transporter in crypt epithelia of the gastrointestinal tract. J Neurosci. 1996;16:2352-2364. [PubMed] [Cited in This Article: 1] 198. Li J, Ma W, Wang S. Slower gastric emptying in high-fat diet induced obese rats is associated with attenuated ...
Deleterious effects of lipid accumulation in non-adipose tissues are known as lipotoxicity. In fact, triglycerides may also serve a storage function for long-chain non-esterified fatty acids and their products such as ceramides and diacylglycerols (DAGs). Thus, excess DAG, ceramide and saturated ...
NRAMP1 is a critical mediator in the innate immune response to tuberculosis infection which leads to decreased DNA replication and respiratory chain function in M. tuberculosis [16], but the precise function of this protein remains unclear [6]. Several polymorphisms have been described in the ...
The findings were reported September 19, 2023, in Frontiers in Nutrition. "One of the common features of obesity and aging is the accumulation of adipose tissue that has undergone senescence," the authors explained. "Although cellular senescence is a defensive mechanism that inhibits tumor growth...