Why reprex? Getting unstuck is hard. Your first step here is usually to create a reprex, or reproducible example. The goal of a reprex is to package your code, and information about your problem so that others can run it…
where ln(.) is the natural logarithm. The rationale for this formula is that ln(L0) plays a role analogous to the residual sum of squares in linear regression. Consequently, this formula corresponds to a proportional reduction in “error variance”. It’s sometimes referred to as a “pseudo...
The dividend tax situation has got a lot worse for UK investors in recent years, so high-yielding shares and funds should duck under your tax testudo next. By all means prioritise protection for your growth shares if you think CGT is the bigger problem. ...
The formula for the model is M y = β0 + ∑βjxj + ε j=1 (3) where β0 is the intercept, M is the total number of independent variables, xj and βj denote the value and coefficient of the j-th variable, respectively, and ε represents the random error term. The OLS model ...
2012). Oil can be seen as playing an important strategic and political role in the equity market and the economic cycle. To date, the literature concerning the effect of oil on the stock market has heightened. For example, Apergis and Miller’s (2009) work on the importance of oil is ...
Swimming crab (Portunus trituberculatus), well known for aggression and boldness [4], is a typical species in the study of aquatic animal personality [4,17]. However, the physiolog- ical metabolism affecting boldness is still unclear. In order to answer this question—"What forms, maintains, ...
The results show that limiting the cost of living based on income seems most interesting as this is beneficial for the tenants and gives an incentive for the social housing companies to renovate. To reduce energy poverty, a deep renovation is necessary. Citation: Van de moortel, E.; Allacker...
The main difference between these two-color systems is that the Hunter (L, a, b) equations use the square root of CIE X-Y-Z values for L, a, b calculation, whereas the CIE (L*, a*, and b*) equations use the cubic root [13]. Moreover, researchers can report Hunter data from ...