Standard Deviation Equation, Formula & Examples from Chapter 13 / Lesson 4 219K The standard deviation of a data set is a measurement of how close, in aggregate, its values are to the mean. The baseline from which this distance is measured is the...
What is the formula for expectation damages?Answer and Explanation: There are three steps in the formula: The court will determine what the innocent party would have gained if the contract hadn't been breached. The court will determine what the innocent party lose and has not yet regained. ...
When considering individual investments or portfolios, a more formal equation for the expected return of a financial investment is: Expected return = risk free premium + Beta (expected market return - risk free premium).Investopedia Where: ra= expected return; rf= therisk-free rate of return; ...
So, the equation for equity risk premium is a simple reworking of the CAPM which can be written asEquity Risk Premium = Ra- Rf= βa(Rm- Rf) If we are simply talking about the stock market (a = m), then Ra= Rm. The beta coefficient is a measure of a stock's volatility—or ris...
What is Regression?: Regression is a statistical technique used to analyze the data by maintaining a relation between the dependent and independent variables.
Show that {eq}\ E(X - k)2 = var (X) + [E(X) - k]^2 {/eq}. For what value of k will E(X - k)^2 be minimum? And what is the value of k? Expected Value and Variance of a Random Variable: The random variable's expected value is t...
The update is given by the famous Bayes theorem where is the probability that the event would have occurred under the null hypothesis , and is the probability that the event would have occurred under the alternative hypothesis . Let us divide the second equation by the first to cancel the ...
If you want anequationfor the trendline, you can performregression analysis, enabling you to easily predict what you’ll earn next, week, next month, or next year. More complex inferential statistics includehypothesis testing, where you take raw data and use a known model to verify theaccuracy...
Thus one can view (4) as a “master equation” for spherical trigonometry: in principle, it can be used to derive all the other laws of this subject. Remark 1 The law (4) has an evident symmetry , which corresponds to the operation of replacing a spherical triangle with its dual ...
Since we want to minimize the deviation of the system output 𝒚y (which contains the orientation of the vehicle) from the reference path 𝒑p, Equation (6), the deviation from the path 𝒆(𝑡)=𝒚(𝑡)−𝒑(𝑠(𝑡))e(t)=y(t)−p(s(t)) is included in the cost ...