The pericardium is the protective sac surrounding the heart, while the epicardium is the outermost layer of the heart wall, lying directly on the heart.
The heart is a muscle in the body that is about the size of a persons clenched fist. There are three types of muscle in the body: cardiac, smooth, and skeletal. Cardiac muscle cells are located in the walls of the heart, appear striated, and are under involuntary control. The heart ha...
The Abdominal Wall:Surrounding the abdominal cavity is a wall that is comprised of adipose tissue, muscular tissue and fascia. This is called the abdominal wall. This area of the body contains a lot of the stronger muscles of the body....
In acute ischemic heart injury, up-regulated Wnt is first expressed in the epicardium and subsequently in cardiac fibroblasts in the injured area. Wnt induces cardiac fibroblasts to proliferate and express pro-fibrotic genes. In addition to the role of Wnt, deletion of β-catenin in cardiac ...
Mean K-ATP conductance (activated by MI) did not differ significantly between chambers, although, within the ventricle, both MI-induced and pinacidil-induced currents tended to decrease from the epicardium to the endocardium. Dynamic current-clamp results indicate that myocytes with longer baseline ...
Endocardium Pericardium Myocardium Epicardium Mediastinum What does the EKG measure? Why would there be a delay between the ECG pattern and the resulting beat of the heart? a) Why does the left ventricle contain more muscle than the right ventricle? b) Why does systolic pressure ...
What is the amount of serous fluid? INTRODUCTION. Normally, a small volume(≈0.25 ml/kg)of serous fluid lies between the outer fibrous (parietal) pericardial layer and the serous visceral pericardium or epicardium. How many serous fluid are there?
Current thoughts about recoil during isovolumic relaxation imply that the epicardium governs the clockwise rotation of the LV apex, suggesting that it reverses torsion's apical counterclockwise rotation [61,65]. The dynamics of functional anatomy challenges this conclusion, since the epicardium (outer ...
Original cardiac pacing devices utilized epicardial pacing techniques where an extravascular lead was implanted on the epicardium and connected to a pulse generator, originally implanted in the abdomen. Current epicardial pacing systems are used in patients with congenital heart disease, lack of venous ac...
Finally, the epicardium is the external layer of protective tissue of the heart. The myocardium needs oxygen-rich blood to function and is supplied by the coronary arteries. Pulmonary Circulation Deoxygenated blood is pumped to the lungs from the right side of the heart to revive its oxygen ...