A goal of these units is comparability with the definition of conventional goods and services found in GDP and the other national accounts. We illustrate our definition of ecological units of account with concrete examples. We also argue that these same units of account provide an architecture for...
Systems with more species have a higher capacity to be reactive, assuming species interactions do not weaken too rapidly as the number of species increases. Finally, I find that in discrete time, reactivity is determined largely by mean interaction strength and neither discrete nor continuous time ...
However, as corn starch is derived from the grains of corn, it competes with human and animal food supply systems, possibly making corn more expensive. So, while it has excellent properties for packaging certain products, you might still prefer to opt for a different plastic. Biodegradable and...
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In the latter, multifunctionality is defined more 122 broadly than it is in biodiversity research, and it can even encompass social factors such as 123 employment and benefits provided by human infrastructure (e.g. transport systems) in addition to 124 ecosystem components45,46. Furthermore, ...
view that ‘education is not preparation for life’. Any formal education system builds on the rationales of what society needs, what skills society requires and what kind of learners a society should produce. Thus, education serves as the role that prepares learners for the present and the ...
The supply of pollination is mostly studied at the lan... C.J.E. Schulp and S. Lautenbach and P.H. Verburg - 《Ecological Indicators》 被引量: 134发表: 2014年 Marketing Underutilized Plant Species for the Benefit of the Poor: A Conceptual Framework on the relationship of the observed ...
Fig. 2: A traits framework for scientific study and practical application. The three dimensions of a social-ecological traits framework for understanding and governing urban systems. The first dimension is represented by observable traits of the urban environment, e.g., features of humans and other...
This work highlights the potential of connectionist theory to expand our understanding of evo-eco dynamics and collective ecological behaviours. Within this framework we find that, despite not being a Darwinian unit, ecological communities can behave like connectionist learning systems, creating internal ...
Trading commodities is an ancient profession with a longer history than the trade in stocks, bonds, and, according to many anthropologists,money. The rise of numerous empires can be directly linked to their ability to create complex trading systems and facilitate the exchange of commodities. This ...