The diagram below shows, on the left, how CMOS circuitry is often constructed in practice: instead of using separate CMOS NAND and NOR gates, more complex circuits combining AND and OR functions are built up, along with their mirror images, on each side of a compound gate. The middle of ...
To cause the output to go high, the input must now cross the new lower threshold. Once crossed, the output goes high and the circuit is ‘reset’ to the initial configuration. The input has to cross the threshold just once resulting in a single clean transition. The circuit now has two ...
In general, the pull-up increases the current, and the pull-down resistor is used to absorb the current. 3. Functions and Defects of Pull-up Resistors ① Functions ● When the TTL circuit drives the CMOS circuit, if the output high level of the circuit is lower than the lowest hi...
The circuit uses a CMOS IC CD 4001 / 4011 to drive the relay. Its input gate 1 is used to connect the probe to detect the water level. One probe is connected to the gate 1 of the IC and the other probe to the ground. When the probe A connected to the gate 1 of IC is floatin...