"The article boldly implies that this is proven and does not rely on assumptions." As we know, other than the deterministic effects of radiation, we are relying on statistical analysis. That is, the stochastic effects of radiation causing cancer are predicted by the most sophisticated statistical...
Radiation protection is extremely important although tissue reactions of the conceptus, requiring a threshold dose of around 100 mGy, are unlikely in the diagnostic use of X-rays and stochastic effects of cancerogenesis have a rather low risk (around 10 −4 /mGy for childhood cancer due to ...
The Stochastic effects are not systematic to each person being exposed. Their development could not be predicted at the scale of individual which is opposite from the determinist effect. 4. Why could the radiotherapy cause the second cancer ? The healthy surroundings may be exposed to radiation du...
The magnetic cycle is believed to be caused by a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) dynamo process in the solar interior, where the flows and the magnetic fields interact in the strongly turbulent convective zone. The intrinsic features of the solar interior, e.g., the stratification, the turbulence and...
Consequently, high degrees of plan complexity should be avoided to maximise accuracy and robustness of radiation treatments. AAPM pointed out the need to quantify plan modulation [84] and to adapt tolerance limits to the degree of plan complexity [65]. It is known that ‘dosimetric’ plan ...
Also the stochastic occurrence of extreme conditions and any possible human caused disturbance of the newly established population of an alien species may decrease the probability of alien species survival. These factors may break the residence time required for a species to accomplish a successful ...
Therefore, individual cells switch in a stochastic manner from one (attractor) state (XHigh) to the other (XLow), revealing characteristic rates for transitions in either direction. The driving force and source of randomness for such state switching is gene expression noise ( ¼ fluctuations of...
Stochastic Frontier Analysis for New Venture's Innovation Performance Innovation performance is an important indicator that examines if the new venture has the foreseeable future of development during the growing process. Wit... LY Wang,XZ Song - Information Computing & Applications-second International ...
A central pillar of the scientific process is to study how cells respond to controlled changes in specific factors. This hypothesis-driven, reductionist approach is necessary for ranking the various possible factors that influence cancer progression. However, this strategy raises the critical question of...
The purpose of this review article is to investigate the usefulness of different types of life cycle assessment (LCA) studies of electrified vehicles to pr