Ontogenetic niche shifts are extremely common features of the life-cycles of diverse organisms (Werner and Gilliam1984; Fryxell and Sinclair1988; Post2003). Understanding the mechanisms that promote these shifts is a highly active area of research in ecology as important variables would clearly be im...
If the hapten-modified peptide is distinguished by a T-cell as a "foreign entity" TCR engagement and a downstream T-cell response with the secretion of a variety of soluble mediators is instigated (Fig. 1; left hand side). In contrast, the PI concept proposes that T-cells are activated ...
Fucosylated haptoglobin (Fuc-Hpt) has been recognized as a promising biomarker in pancreatic cancer [156] and found to be upregulated in pancreatic cancer patient’s sera [157]. YKL-40, also known as chitinase-3-like 1 (CHI3L1) or human cartilage glycoprotein-39, is a 40 kDa secreted ...
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition with multifactorial origins, including the potential involvement of neurotrophins and growth factors. These molecules, which are crucial for neuronal survival, synaptic plasticity, and brain development, have been implicated in ASD path...
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to be put in perspective with other widespread conceptions, and discussed on the basis on their own principles. For example, the impoverishment of biodiversity and the decay of ecosystem services decrease the human capability (Holland,2008) of deploying its progress; hence conservation biology is mea...
This coincides with the fact that the very first GM-CSF protein was purified from mouse lung-conditioned medium 1, although very little was investigated about the role of GM-CSF in the lung biology until recently. In the lung of GM-CSF-deficient mice, there is extensive peribronchovascular ...
(4) The recombinant strain Cgl-12 expresses serAΔ591, cdsA and pssA in tandem in Cgl-1. The PS content in total phospholipid is increased by 45.22% compared with the original strain Cgl, and the unit dry cell reaches 1.98 mg/g bacteria, indicating that the combination of tandem expression...
"The way that scientists use the word 'theory' is a little different than how it is commonly used in the lay public," said Jaime Tanner, a professor of biology at Emerson College in Boston. "Most people use the word 'theory' to mean an idea or hunch that someone has, but in science...
In the context of the regulation of immune system, it is very important to consider that the signaling activity mediated by B7-H3 occurs in a distinct manner that depends on the involved immune cells and/or on the microenvironment, as well as non-immune pathways [22,23]. Firstly, it has...