施特劳斯认为,政治哲学是哲学的组成部分或一个分支:“哲学”表示处理的方式,本根的和整全的;“政治的”既表示主题又表示功能。(By calling this pursuit political philosophy, we imply that it forms a part of a larger whole: of philosophy; or that political philosophy is a branch of philosophy. In the...
This type of ad hominem means that the arguer rebuts their opponent by claiming their opponent’s opinion is inconsistent with what they’ve said or what they’ve done. It’s also known as “tu quoque,” which means “you also” in Latin. This type of argument attempts to invalidate the...
To disprove and overthrow by argument, evidence, or countervailing proof; to prove to be false or erroneous; to confute; as, to refute arguments; to refute testimony; to refute opinions or theories; to refute a disputant. There were so many witnesses in these two miracles that it is impossi...
The first argument isn’t an ad hominem argument; it’s just disrespectful. That’s because it makes no attempt to refute the subject’s position. The second argumentisan ad hominem argument because it attempts to refute the subject’s position through a personal attack. Now consider this ar...
The invisible hand itself is a metaphor for the unseen forces that influence a free market economy. First and foremost, theinvisible hand theoryassumes self-interest. Both this theory and further developments in the rational choice theory refute any negative misconceptions associated with self-interest...
Pleasure or happiness is the only thing that has intrinsic value.Intrinsic value implies that something is good in itself. It contrasts with instrumental value: something has instrumental value when it's a means to an end. Actions are right if they promote happiness and wrong if they promote ...
(MSM) complicity in this charade is equally appalling. Their silence on Dr. Bailey’s wider publications and the NZMC’s actions raise serious questions about their independence and commitment to truth. Why haven’t government experts refuted the Bailey’s work, particularly Dr. Mark Bailey’s ...
Can confirm and refute be used interchangeably? No, confirm and refute have opposite implications; confirm is used to agree or verify, while refute is used to deny or disprove. 9 What does it mean to confirm something? To confirm something means to establish its truth or correctness, often ...
Obsessive gaming, they suggest, is as likely to be a symptom (of depression, say) as a disorder in its own right. The prosecution refutes that, unlike rock bands or novelists, games developers have both the motive and the means to engineer their products to make them ___. The motive a...
Contrary to common opinion, gravitation is reconcilable with electro-magnetism and the omnipresent quantization. The material world is revealed to be fully geometrical. Alleged obstacles like the singularity rule are refuted. This requires a new understanding of the Leibniz calculus. Numerical simulations...