While the status of rationality as one of the master concepts, subjects and objectives of social science and philosophy has been further promoted in contemporary economics and sociology, questions often arise among economists and sociologists themselves as to its meaning or definition. As an attempt ...
In short, it is an essay onaesthetics. Right from the beginning, we learn that one of the book’s main premises is that “only as an aesthetic phenomenon is an existence and the world eternally justified” (p. 50). Nietzschean philosophy traditionally sees existence as pain and chaos. Onl...
Adam Smith, who proposed the idea of an "invisible hand" moving free-market economies in the mid-1770s, is usually credited as the father of rational choice theory. Smith discusses the invisible hand theory in his book “An Inquiry Into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations,” w...
What is a natural law in philosophy? What is the moral rights approach? What is the principle of comity? What is the Moral Majority? What are mores in sociology? What is a cultural norm? What are conformity costs? What is normative analysis in economics?
What is theoretical rationality? What is a theoretical analysis in sociology? What are two biases during naturalistic observation? What is constructivism? What is exogenous constructivism? What is postmodernism in sociology? What is linguistic philosophy?
In comparison to Turing, IBM presents Stuart Russell and Peter Norvig’s textbook Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach as a more recent analog to Turing’s AI philosophy. Originally published in 1994, and with its most recent edition was published in April 2020, Artificial Intelligence: A ...
" where a human interrogator would try to distinguish between a computer and human text response. While this test has undergone much scrutiny since it was published, it remains an important part of the history of AI, and an ongoing concept within philosophy as it uses ideas around linguistics....
but not entirely. Many of the topics of debate that were of importance to the philosophers of old remain just as important in modern philosophy. The only difference is that discoveries were made along the way that have provided answers to some profound questions. But it seems that for every ...
用谷歌搜索的结果来开启这本书也许是最为后人类主义的姿态。正如我在2008年夏天所写的那样,如果你在谷歌上搜索“人文主义”(humanism),会得到384万条结果;而搜索“后人类主义”(posthumanism)只能得到将近6.02万条(人文主义显然还好好地存活着,尽管有人说它已经消亡了)。粗略一看你就会发现,尽管在数量上有着差别,...
Logic in AI Intelligence Infrastructure Philosophy of Artificial Intelligence Symbolic AI Artificial Intelligence 1Introduction Artificial Intelligence is often framed as an attempt to recreate biological models of intelligence, overlooking the ways in which specific epistemic legacies and supply chains of labou...