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Science observer: what is random?Not long ago, the computer network at the offices of American Scientist developed a frustrating problem-turtle-paced file transfers between machines and refusals to print documents, all punctuated by unpredictable pe- riods of normal function. A long diagnosis iso-...
Random errors occur due to happenstance, such as fluctuations in temperature or pH. Blunders can be thought of as human error and happen due to mistakes made by the person performing the experiment, such as adding the wrong chemical or using the wrong media. What is an example of an ...
In the random matrix theory literature, for instance in this paper of Erdos, Schlein, and Yau, or this later paper of Van Vu and myself, a related identity has been used, namely but it is not immediately obvious that one can derive the former identity from the latter. (I do so ...
The question is “what came first, the Universe or Life?” A chicken and egg problem, to be sure, but easily resolved. Since Universe could not have developed *at random*, without some plan and intelligent direction, we must assume that Life came first. We might say that Universe IS Lif...
Random forests, or random decision forests, are supervised classification algorithms that use a learning method consisting of a multitude of decision trees. The output is the consensus of the best answer to the problem.
There are many types of machine learning techniques or algorithms, includinglinear regression,logistic regression,decision trees,random forest,support vector machines(SVMs),k-nearest neighbor (KNN),clusteringand more. Each of these approaches is suited to different kinds of problems and data. ...
Probability sampling gives researchers the chance to come to stronger conclusions about the entire population that is being studied. It involves the use of random sampling, which means that all of the participants in the group are equally likely to get a chance to be chosen as a representative ...
In many areas of computer science, it is of primary importance to assess the randomness of a certain variable X. Many different criteria can be used to evaluate randomness, possibly after observing some disclosed data. A “sufficiently random” X is often described as “entropic”. Indeed, Shan...
to mirror the life of its corresponding flying twin” [2]. While originally used for problems in industrial engineering and manufacturing, there is more and more interest in all fields of science including architecture, health, immunology, climate science, material science, sustainability and urban ...