OSI reference model uses the term Protocol Data Unit (PDU) for a specific block of information from a specific layer, which is transferred over the network from sender to receiver. Protocol Data Unit (PDU) is often used in reference to the OSI reference model. A Protocol Data Unit (PDU) ...
好吧这题做错的原因就是我英语不行。。。
like the seven-layerOpen Systems Interconnection (OSI) modelor the five-layerTCP/IPmodel, define their units of data exchange between networked entities. For example,packetis the PDU forIP, which defines interactions between hosts identified by IP addresses at thenetwork layer. ...
Hello PDU Hello packets, also called IS-to-IS Hello PDUs (IIHs), are used to set up and maintain neighbor relationships. On a broadcast network, Level-1 IS-IS uses Level-1 LAN IIHs; on a broadcast network, Level-2 IS-IS uses Level-2 LAN IIHs; on a non-broadcast network, P2P IIHs...
A CPE-based VPN is difficult to implement and offers poor service scalability, and is mainly used at the access layer. Network-based VPN In a network-based VPN scenario, the ISP is responsible for establishing, managing, and maintaining the VPN, while also granting users some degree of contro...
Event is used to specify relative mouse pointer movement. April 23, 2024 [MS-RDPERP]: Remote Desktop Protocol: Remote Programs Virtual Channel Extension This document has been updated as follows: ● Section 2.2.2.2.3 HandshakeEx PDU (TS_RAIL_ORDER_HANDSHAKE_EX): Added railHandshake...
so that’s 16 bits of information per character of data. We won’t go into any more detail about SMS encoding. The important thing is what information the PDU includes. The format comprises where to send the message to, which short message center (SMC) to use, and the sender’s own ...
For an optical-layer subrack, the following boards must be installed: SCC (CTU), AUX, PIU, and FAN. When some subracks function as slave subracks, the SCC (CTU) board is not required. More: What is PDU? What is subrack? What is cabinet?
The source establishes thenetwork layerprotocol by sending a series of NCP messages. It sends IP packets and frames across the link. The link is terminated by NCP and LCP messages. If a link is closed down abnormally, due to the loss of a carrier signal, for example, LCP does any necess...
Hello PDU: Hello PDUs, also known as IS-to-IS Hello PDUs (IIHs), are utilized for establishing and maintaining neighbor relationships. IIH formats vary based on network types. LAN IIHs differ from P2P IIHs in fields like Priority, LAN ID, and Local Circuit ID. In all IS-IS PDUs, the...