I describe, in this chapter, how innovation occurs in municipalities, and how municipalities are positioned to identify and develop small-scale solutions to sustainability-related issues. That these solutions are small-scale reflects both the size of municipalities and the particularities of each of th...
Municipal engineering includes the environmental issues that are the responsibility of the municipalities, including tasks that contribute in the quality of life of the society. A large number of municipal tasks are associated with the municipal engineering including the management and disposal ofwaste, ...
In past eras, financial professionals tended to think of municipal bonds as one of the safest parts of the greater market. The idea was that a municipal bond would not “default” because municipalities always covered their risks. The idea of stable tax revenues also contributed to this way of...
Municipalities including Beijing and Shanghai said they will push ahead with the construction of international consumption center cities, while provinces like Sichuan and Hunan also proposed turning their respective capital cities into global consumption hubs. In addition, several provinces and autonomous re...
Municipalities are central in providing welfare services, and in ensuring a viable local economy and local workplaces. Process fairness is important, as is evident when municipalities have little influence in the detailed planning of the plants. Also, outcome fairness, in the form of economic ...
Municipalities:Municipal governments in Ontario must also adhere to AODA standards. Government of Ontario:The provincial government itself is obligated to comply with AODA standards. What are the AODA-compliant website requirements? AODA compliance states that as of January 1, 2021, all public website...
They are elected by the People's Congresses in provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities under the direct jurisdiction of the central government. The armed forces select their own deputies. Election of deputies from the Hong Kong and Macao special administration regions and the...
The interest and principal payments oftax anticipation notes (TANs)are secured by future tax revenue. TANs are issued by states or municipalities to finance current operations before tax revenues are received. When the issuer collects the taxes, the proceeds are then used to retire the tax anticip...
Zoning outlines what types of developmental and operational use of land is allowed on a given tract. Municipalities tend to partition districts and neighborhoods according to a master plan. This may be done to promote economic development, control traffic flow, manage noise levels, reserve living sp...