Applications of LPS in Research and Drug Development On the other side of the spectrum of uses, LPS stimulation of the inflammation cascade is the cause of sepsis; thus, LPS and the triggered signaling pathways which lead to production of cytokines are targets for drug development. ...
In the adult host, different anatomical locations such as skin, gut or oral cavity are colonized by highly organ- and even site-specific communities. However, this anatomical specialization is not detected directly after birth but emerges only with time [5, 17]. This finding suggests the ...
There is an ongoing shift in demographics such that older persons will outnumber young persons in the coming years, and with it age-associated tissue attrition and increased diseases and disorders. There has been increased information on the association of the aging process with dysregulation of hem...
is one of the three enzymes that catalyze the first and rate-limiting step in the kynurenine pathway (KP), leading to the degradation of the essential amino acid tryptophan (TRP) and generation of kynurenine (KYN) and other downstream metabolites, in addition to tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO...
TRP and KYN in patients at different time points, the levels of TRP and KYN in patients blood pretreated with interferon gamma (IFN-γ) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were also determined. IFN-γ or LPS was used to induce IDO1 expression and minimize the confounding effect of TDO. Tracking ...
in combating bacterial infections. Phage–antibiotic synergy (PAS) is described as the interaction between two factors when the combined effect in a bacterial reduction is greater than the sum of either substance alone [13,14]. Some advances in PAS research were presented in an article by Pirna...
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel virus responsible for the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, has infected over 3.5 million people all over the world since the first case was reported from Wuhan, Ch
The tsetse fly (Glossina genus) is the main vector of African trypanosomes, which are protozoan parasites that cause human and animal African trypanosomiases in Sub-Saharan Africa. In the frame of the IAEA/FAO program ‘Enhancing Vector Refractoriness to
In medicine, inflammation is a fuzzy, overused word first coined by the Romans, the intended meaning and precise definition of which varies according to the person and the clinical context. It tends to carry a negative connotation as a response gone awry, like a raging, out-of-control wildfir...
These mechanisms increase gut permeability and promote LPS, free fatty acids and the infiltration of pro-inflammatory cytokines into the circulation [57]. What is more, in a mice study, changes of the gut microbiota induced by a long-term high-fat diet were associated with increased intestinal...