Isotype refers to the class of an antibody determined by its constant region. Idiotype refers to the unique antigen-binding site of an antibody, determined by its variable region.
How is information stored in a DNA molecule? What is the difference between chromosomes and chromatin? What is the difference between isotype switching, somatic hypermutation and RNA splicing? Name four nucleobases that are utilized by DNA.
In the germinal center early stage antibody-secreting B cells undergo isotype switching and transition into a plasma cell. Antibody production by B cells can quickly neutralize a potential infection. Once the infection is neutralized, B cells can become memory B cells, which exist in small numbers...
What is the incubation for this disease? What is the process of forming organs called? What type of inheritance occurs when neither allele is dominant, and the heterozygote results in a blending of alleles? What is the difference between isotype switching, somatic hypermutation and RNA splicing?
Sequential class switching is required for the generation of high affinity IgE antibodies. J Exp Med. 2012;209(2):353–64. Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar Mills FC, Mitchell MP, Harindranath N, Max EE. Human Ig S gamma regions and their participation in sequential switching to IgE. J...
Why is it important to understand this process? Why does isotype switching occur and where does it occur? Give examples. What mechanisms could result in the formation of a syncytium? What development happens during the mid-blastula transition? What is the biologica...
Why does isotype switching occur and where does it occur? Give examples. What are some potential problems with the Negative Stain? What is a CVA? What could cause it? What are the consequences of it? What are the consequences of resistance in terms of human health? When does crossing ove...
Describe isotype switching at the gene level. What causes allele frequencies to change across generations? How does it relate to natural selection, sexual selection, genetic drift, and migration? What is the impact of the population size on the variability of the frequencies of alleles? Ho...
Cytokine production is limiting, but certain cytokines can exist in the circulatory system for long periods, with these reactions being pleiotropic and repetitive. For instance, interferon-α (IFN-) induces macrophage activation and isotype-switching induction in B-cells, causing the output of opso...
Deletion of the A35 gene from Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara increases immunogenicity and isotype switching. Vaccine 2011, 29, 3276–3283. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] Legrand, F.A.; Verardi, P.H.; Jones, L.A.; Chan, K.S.; Peng, Y.; Yilma, T.D. Induction of potent ...