Both fermion-boson and three-fermion-models for the leptons and quarks are presented. Finally the internal structure of the weak bosons is investigated.doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-0889-8_4Harald FritzschSpringer USWhat I Inside Quarks And Leptons - Fritzsch - 1984...
What is the smallest thing in the universe? Quarksare among the smallest particles in the universe, and they carry only fractional electric charges. Scientists have a good idea of how quarks make up hadrons, but the properties of individual quarks have been difficult to tease out because they...
QUARKS AS TOPOLOGICAL DEFECTS — OR, WHAT IS CONFINED INSIDE A HADRON?QUARKS AS TOPOLOGICAL DEFECTS — OR, WHAT IS CONFINED INSIDE A HADRON?ALKALI HALIDESSPUTTERINGION DESORPTIONWe present a picture of confinement based on representation of constituent quarks as pointlike topological defects. The topo...
Kaons are a specific type of meson (mesons are particles made of one quark and one antiquark). What makes kaons unique is that they are made ofone up quark or down quark, and one strange quark. (One of the two quarks that make of a kaon must be an antiquark, and the other must ...
Quarks are particles found inside what? How many quarks in a proton? What fundamental particles make up protons and neutrons? What are leptons made of? What happens to quarks not in hadrons? What do quarks have to do with radioactive decay?
Fundamentally, matter is composed of elementary particles calledquarksandleptons, both of which are considered elementary particles in that they aren't made up of smaller units of matter. Quarks -- groups ofsubatomic particlesthat interact by means of astrong force-- combine into protons and neutro...
Researchers expect quantum computers to be particularly good at calculating properties of physical systems that are inherently quantum mechanical. These applications include molecules used as chemical catalysts, which despite their large size are subject to quantum mechanics. They also include thequarks and...
Yet general relativity's string of experimental successes gloss over what many physicists see as a fatal theoretical failure: It describes a classical spacetime, but the universe ultimately appears to be quantum or made up of particles (or "quanta") such as quarks and electrons. The classical no...
String theory is the idea in theoretical physics that reality is made up of infinitesimal vibrating strings, smaller than atoms, electrons or quarks. According to this theory, as the strings vibrate, twist and fold, they produce effects in many, tiny dimensions that humans interpret as everything...
"This time we haven't been able to see any evidence at all that there's anything inside quarks," said physicist Andy Parker. "Have we reached the most fundamental layer of matter?" And even if quarks and electrons are indivisible, Parker said, scientists don't know if they are the smal...