The human immune system is composed of immune cells that are capable of destroying harmful pathogens and foreign bodies that enter the body. The ability of the cells to successfully destroy pathogens is termed immunity. Answer and Explanation:1 ...
What is the purpose of humoral immunity? Adaptive Immune: The adaptive immune response is the specific immune response in contrast to the non-specific innate immunity. The adaptive immune response is composed of both the humoral immunity and the cell mediated immunity. ...
The adaptive immune system is capable of responding to an infinite number of antigens with the antigen-specific receptors immunoglobulin (Ig) and the T receptor (TCR). Ig binds soluble antigens while TCR recognizes antigen bound in clefts of polymorphic self-encoded major histocompatibility complex ...
What is the response time for an innate cell to begin to mount an immune response after recognizing a pathogen? Describe the detailed steps about how a virus enters a host cell. Include the viral attachment and internalization. The synthesi...
Dry eye is a chronic and multifactorial ocular surface disease caused by tear film instability or imbalance in the microenvironment of the ocular surface. It can lead to various discomforts such as inflammation of the ocular surface and visual issues. However, the mechanism of dry eye is not cle...
Is there a correlation between the frequency of Treg cells and disease severity or prognosis in patients with multiple myeloma? 3. What are the effects of drugs on Treg cells in multiple myeloma, and what are the applications of treg cells in therapy?
Despite recent major advances in developing effective vaccines against toxoplasmosis, finding new protective vaccination strategies remains a challenging and elusive goal as it is critical to prevent the disease. Over the past few years, various experime
If we stick to the view of the 1958 Nobel Prize winner Joshua Lederberg that humans are a “superorganism” composed of both human cells and the cells of symbiotic microorganisms in conjunction,Footnote 21 not only will human biology—a foundation of medicine—experience massive change, but so ...
What are the spikes in a viral capsid composed of? Describe an immune response to a viral infection. Include the second and third line of defense that could be involved and what they do. What is the mechanism by which the AIDS virus causes a deficiency of the immune system of the in...
Also, the nervous system is implicated. In fact, inflammation participates in the development of mood disorders, such as anxiety and depression, characteristics of obesity and consequently of NAFLD and, on the other hand, in intestinal hypersensitivity and dysmotility. Key Words: Non-alcoholic fatty...