Reactogenicity symptoms are an outworking of the expected immune response that occurs in response to vaccination. However, the experience of symptoms is influenced by a multitude of factors, many of which can be
Over the past few years, various experimental approaches have shown that developing an effective vaccine against T. gondii is achievable. However, more remains unknown due to its complicated life cycle, difficulties in clinical translation, and lack of a standardized platform. This minireview ...
Finally, screening vaccine vector candidates for efficacy is dependent upon the availability of an appropriate disease model. This is not always feasible, especially with highly virulent emerging diseases. It may be possible to screen vaccines vectors only for immunogenicity and safety prior to testing...
With the emergence of new variants, there is also a rise in interest around the development of a “universal ‘variant-proof’ vaccine, able to fend off different varieties of the same virus family” [4]. The challenge of maintaining strong R&D incentives is bolstered by the nature of ...
be wanted or unwanted. Wanted immunogenicity normally relates to vaccines, whereas unwanted immunogenicity is an immune response by an organism against a therapeutic antigen. Immunogenicity is a critical aspect of vaccine development. Immunogenicity characterizes how well antigens stimulate an immune ...
The non-self-sequences with minimal risk of cross-reactivity are considered ideal immunogenic epitopes; thus, most investigations have focused on the surface S glycoprotein of HCoVs, due to its high immunogenicity and ability to exert an efficient neutralizing effect (Gralinski and Menachery, 2020;...
(2002). Thirty-five years’ experience with the whole-cell pertussis vaccine in France: Vaccine strains analysis and immunogenicity. Vaccine 20, 1290–1294. Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar Plotkin, S.A. and Cadoz, M. (1997). The acellular pertussis vaccine trials: An interpretation. Ped....
This lack of predictability is why puppies are vaccinated every two to four weeks until 16 weeks of age … … vets are trying to catch the window in time when the maternal antibodies are low enough for the vaccine to work. So they just keep vaccinating on a regular schedule until the pup...
Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, and poliomyelitis, including vaccine-associated paralytic polio (VAPP) and vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV), continue to be public health concerns, particularly in Southeast Asia, India, and Pakistan (World Health Organization 2020a, b, c, d). Three doses of dipht...
At the onset of a pandemic it is not possible to predict the ultimate severity of the outbreak. Faced with a pandemic, the public health community, working with vaccine manufacturers, seeks to rapidly produce and administer, to as much of the population as possible, vaccines directed against ...