as a rule of thumb and counted. So whether we are talking interest, IRAs, HSA withdrawals, etc the rule is if it is taxed, then in most cases, it is counted. On the other hand, deductions, such as contributing to a 401k or non-taxable spending such as from an HSA is not counted...
In the aftermath of the Global Financial Crisis, regulators and legislators around the world tried to make sense of its causes and then implement rules to stop it happening again. In the UK, the resulting regulation introduced by the Financial Conduct Authority, FCA, was the Senior Managers Cer...