The fast technological advances of molecular tools have enabled us to uncover a new dimension hidden within parasites and their hosts: their microbiomes. Increasingly, parasitologists characterise host microbiome changes in the face of parasitic infections, revealing the potential of these microscopic fa...
Substantial progress has been made in the understanding of anorexia nervosa (AN) and eating disorder (ED) genetics through the efforts of large-scale collaborative consortia, yielding the first genome-wide significant loci, AN-associated genes, and insig
The isotype of an antibody refers to the class or subclass of the antibody, which is determined by the heavy chain constant regions. These classes include IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD, and IgE in humans, each serving different roles in the immune response, such as crossing the placenta (IgG) or ...
The recent spate of cancer genome sequencing studies has reopened our eyes to the flexibility in the genotype–phenotype mapping, pushing us to think beyond the paradigm of mutation/selection. Such flexibility re-emerges under the term 'phenotype plasticity' and entails a departure from the ...
Genomic organizations are shown for Beluga whale coronavirus SW1 (corona), gill-associated virus (roni), Nam Dinh virus (mesoni), and porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus, North American genotype (arteri). Domain organization of ZmHEL1 is shown for arteriviruses.Adapted from Lauber...
It is exhibited by the well-known genotype-phenotype mapping of description to construction that we know empirically is the way evolution works. It requires the gene to describe the sequence of parts forming enzymes, and that description, in turn, requires the enzymes to ...
The heritability of DNA methyla- tion is genotype-dependent and can last for at least two subsequent offspring generations (Preite et al. 2018). Tar- geted methylation appears less stable and more easily lost during generations than stochastic methylation (Hagmann et al. 2015; Preite et ...
A recent meta-analysis has confirmed that the T allele and the T/T genotype of PTPN22 C1858T are associated with JIA [51]. Polymorphisms in the NRAMP1 gene may also play a role in the pathogenesis of JIA [52]. There is some evidence that a potentially protective CC genotype of the ...
The independent origin and evolution of leaves as small, simple microphylls or larger, more complex megaphylls in plants has shaped and influenced the natural composition of the environment. Significant contributions have come from megaphyllous leaves, c
[33]. Multiplicative interactions of the gout-associatedIL1Brisk genotype with that ofCARD8amplify the risk of gout [33]. In contrast, genetic variance inTLR4has been linked with gout risk in some populations, but with widely differing results, and the impact is less clear for the heritable...