The hallmarks of MTL AE are T2/FLAIR hyperintensity and swelling of the hippocampi and amygdalae. In 2006, based on MRI findings from a historic case series, Urbach et al. [95] summarized the typical essentia
Autoimmune encephalitis is a relatively novel nosological entity characterized by an immune-mediated damage of the central nervous system. While originally described as a paraneoplastic inflammatory phenomenon affecting limbic structures, numerous instances of non-paraneoplastic pathogenesis, as well as extra-...
This study was, however, the sole WM hyperintensity investigation that observed relationships with cognition in HCs. Indeed, whilst no relationships were observed in BD, higher WM hyperintensity burden was associated with lower global cognition in HCs (n = 12) in addition to prefrontal ...
A focus of abnormal T2/FLAIR signal hyperintensity in the right periventricular white matter, with differential remote sequelae of periventricular leukomalacia, migraines, posttraumatic, or less likely inflammatory causes. Flow voids at the skull base are preserved. There is no abnormal enhancement. Bon...
A 69-year-old female with CAA-related inflammation. She presents with general weakness and dementia with a 21 MMSE score even after a ventriculoperitoneal shunt operation for Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. At the onset of the symptom, 2D FLAIR (a) shows hyperintensity in the right par...
Axial Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery (FLAIR) (A), Axial T1 post contrast (B), Axial T1 inversion recovery post contrast (C) and Coronal Positron Emission Tomograpy (PET) scan (D): There is a heterogeneously enhancing ill-defined area of T2/FLAIR hyperintensity involving the medial aspect...