解析 ① Electrostatic interactions are non-directional and not limited in number ② Directionality and saturation; formed by overlapping of atomic orbitals ① 离子键是正负离子通过静电引力形成的,静电引力在所有方向上均等(各向同性),且离子的
These reactions are broadly applicable across many areas of research, enabling precise labeling, modification, and conjugation of biomolecules. Unlike homobifunctional linkers, which can lead to random or multi-site binding, click chemistry reactions are directional, ensuring that molecules are conjugated ...
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In this paper we would like to highlight the problems of conceiving the "Hydrogen Bond" (HB) as a real short-range, directional, electrostatic, attractive interaction and to reframe its nature through the non-approximated view of condensed matter offered by a Quantum Electro-Dynamic (QED) ...
When purchased to provide insurance on an investment, CDSs do not necessarily need to cover the investment for its lifetime. For example, imagine an investor is two years into a 10-year security and thinks that the issuer is in credit trouble. The bond owner may buy a credit default swap...
As astounding as it may still seem to many, Bell’s theorems do not prove nonlocality. Non separable multipartite objects exist classically, meaning w
We define structurally relevant water molecules to be those with ≥2 H-bonds to the protein and ≥1 H-bonds to the fragment. Molecular properties of the fragments, including the number of heavy atoms, rotatable bonds, chiral centers, formal charges, and H-bond donors and acceptors in their...
‘team brands,’ they further foster substantial bi-directional spillover effects, particularly for constituent characters that are frequently shown with their team and contribute unique associations to it (Klostermann et al.,2023). The familiarity with the resonating story world and emotional ...
The transduction mechanism is also bi-directional; application of voltage across a capacitor’s terminals results in mechanical forces being applied to the electrodes that can in turn couple mechanically into the surrounding environment, as audible noise for example. Though present in all capacitors ...
However, there is a lack of knowledge on the factors that influence environmental efficiency. Institutions, innovation, infrastructure, and industrialization all have an impact on environmental efficiency, whether directly or indirectly (Bian et al., 2019; Hua et al., 2018). Africa is one of the...