The second law of thermodynamics introduces thermodynamic function called Gibbs free energy which predicts the spontaneity of a reaction. G is an extensive property and it is a single valued state function. The change in free energy between two states is termed ...
The first law of thermodynamics states that the change in the internal energy of a system is equal to the difference in energy transferred to or from the system as work and: a. heat b. mass c. force d. pressure Which has the larger standard entropy value at 25 degrees C...
The absolute temperature of an object is its temperature on a scale relative to a zero point defined by the Third Law of Thermodynamics. The unit of this scale is the Kelvin unit. A temperature measurement in the Celsius scale can be converted to the absolute temperature by adding 273.15 to ...
Thermodynamicsis the branch of physics dealing with the work and energy of a system. Work, energy and heat all have the same units in physics despite having different meanings and applications. The SI (standard international) unit of heat is the joule. Work is defined as force multiplied by ...
The construction of a relativistic thermodynamics theory is still controversial after more than 110 years. To the date there is no agreement on which set of relativistic transformations of thermodynamic quantities is the correct one, or if the problem ev
As it is shown in the first part of this short essay, duality plus conservation laws allow the violation of Bell’s inequalities for any spatio-temporal separation. To dig deeper into particle dualism, in the second part, a class of models is proposed as a working framework. It encompasses...
What is electrical power Electrical power is the rate per unit of time that electrical energy is transferred in an electrical system between two points. The first law of thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed. It can merely be converted from one type of energy to anoth...
in their ground state. (iii) The connection between thermodynamics and statistical mechanics is introduced and discussed. (iv) (standard) Molecular Dynamics is introduced to compute expectation values of quantities of interest for equilibrium statistical mechanics in the so-called microcanonical ensemble....
Partial wave spectroscopy takes advantage of the field effect to allow for the sensitive and specific detection of cancers in tissues that are difficult to reach. Cancer is an extraordinarily complex disease. Methods that are commonly used in physics can reduce the complexity of cancer to a ...
A “virtual particle”, generally, is a disturbance in a field that will never be found on its own, but instead is something that is caused by the presence of other particles, often of other fields. Analogy time (and a very close one mathematically); think about a child’s swing. ...