a computer science professor at Stanford University and founder of Stanford's Knowledge Systems Laboratory. The world was moving from data processing to "knowledge processing," Feigenbaum said ina 1988 manuscript. That meant computers had the potential to do more than basic calculations and...
Early implementations of generative AI vividly illustrate its many limitations. Some of thechallenges generative AI presentsresult from the specific approaches used to implement particular use cases. For example, a generative AI-produced summary of a complex topic is easier to read than an explanation ...
In the CASPT2 calculations the standard definition of the zero-order Hamiltonian (IPEA = 0.25 a.u) is used.63 To exclude the possible intruder states an imaginary shift of 0.2 a.u is applied. The scalar relativistic effects were included at the CASSCF/CASPT2 level using the second order ...
The definition of range relies on fewer new statistical concepts than the definition of sampling distributions. Respondents were presented with these definitions and examples before answering the corresponding survey items. 2.2.3 Section 3.“Plug and Chug” versus Flexible Problem Solving “Plug-and-...
(OCI) was created to advocate for it; the organization also has established ground rules for the industry through the open source definition and hosts compliant open source licenses. Today, the terms free software, open source software, free and open source software and free or libre-open ...
The State University of New York chose not to pursue patents because of costs but the University of Nottingham did file patents which later made Mansfield wealthy [44]. MRI is now part of the classification criteria for axSpA [2] and the well established standard technique to detect both, ...
“fail to observe the rigorous definition of stem cell” (Sipp et al.2018: 456). This, therefore, creates an important tension between different and competing conceptions about the nature of stem cells, which instead of favouring investigating more hypotheses, may end up narrowing them down, ...
This calls first for a definition of what is common across all these types. In order to make some recommendations, we need to define what is a literature review, delineate the genre with respect to other genres, including theory devel- opment papers, and what kind of purposes the different ...
Most accept that cellular dedifferentiation is a process by which cells revert from their differentiated state back to a less-differentiated state. Purists argue that, like differentiation, the definition of dedifferentiation requires the recognition of the destination itself, and true dedifferentiation mand...
(Harrison et al.2021a,2021b) states that a DDREF should not be applied to reduce solid cancer risks if the dose rate for low-LET radiation exceeds 5 mGy/h, implying a definition of LDR of 0.1 mGy/min when averaged over approximately 1 h, which is the definition of LDR as restated ...