To make the buttercream: In a large mixing bowl, cream the dairy-free baking spread until softened – about a minute or two should do. Now add the icing sugar in two batches, mixing well after each addition. Now continue mixing for a further 5-7 minutes until the buttercream is pale ...
In the first mode, forced flow is simulated, such as pumping, mixing, filling and spreading. In contrast, the second mode helps to obtain data under free-flow conditions and measures zero-shear viscosity and yield stress. Capillary action, dripping, sedimentatio...
The protein present in wheat flour is what creates gluten strands once the flour is hydrated. Because cake flour has a low protein content, minimal gluten structures are formed when it is mixed in a cake batter which keeps the cake tender. Furthermore, because of the changes to the starch ...
A bread can also be made with the creaming method, where butter and sugar are beaten together before wet and dry ingredients are added. With biscuits, shortening is cut into the dry ingredients. In all cases, the ingredients should not be worked too much, as the dough can get hard and ...