indivisible.” Although the EU and its predecessor, the European Economic Community, have been around since 1958, the continent is only being forced to address these fundamental questions now, as the 13-year-old euro currency teeters, along with the solvency of at least a half...
But don't forget that the distance between Washington and Moscow is 7,800 km, while Berlin is only 1,600 km away from Moscow. The security framework of Europe has broken into pieces. It may take years to restore the security order in Europe. The European Union (EU) is the largest fore...
In 2023, Europe's energy crisis remains difficult to be eased. The energy crisis and high inflation will worsen its economic outlook. According to the European Commission, economic activity in the EU, the euro area and most member states is expected to keep contracting in the first quarter of...
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Kovács-Hostyánszki, A., Földesi, R., Mózes, E., Szirák, Á., Fischer, J., Hanspach, J., & Báldi, A. (2016). Conservation of pollinators in traditional agricultural landscapes – New challenges in Transylvania (Romania) posed by EU accessi...
My central point is that understanding Italy’s deteriorating growth performance requires going beyond the well-known weaknesses that have held back Italy for ages. The fact that Italy has always been an economic policy disaster area does nothing to help us understand why its growth slowed around ...
Using such subsidies is further constrained in the case of CEECs: Subsidies would conflict with the Europe Agreements, which require that state aid and competition rules harmonize with EU regulations. Foreign direct investment can play an important role in enhancing export growth and diversification, ...
Jens Wolf:To scale up negative emissions, we need to put a value on it. I think using a carbon contract or a similar regulatory instrument is the way forward to make sure investors in negative emissions have a longer period of time where they can gua...
The crisis abated after the EU and the European Central Bank adopted a series of measures to support the sovereign and banking-sector debt of the affected countries. Long-Term Measures These included the establishment in October 2012 of the European Stability Mechanism (ESM), established to assist...
During this time, efforts to form a common currency and cement greater economic alliances were ramped up. In 1993, most EC members signed theMaastricht Treaty, establishing theEuropean Union(EU). One year later, the EU created the European Monetary Institute, which became theEuropean Central Bank...
Companies may sometimes separate their business operations in Eastern and Western Europe, referring instead to Eastern Europe, Middle East, and Africa (EEMEA) and the European Union (EU) or European Free Trade Association (EFTA). Nations and regions are grouped based on what is most convenient f...