Metagenomic studies have shown that antibiotic resistance genes are ubiquitous in the environment, which has led to the suggestion that there is a high risk that these genes will spread to bacteria that cause human infections. If this is true, estimating the real risk of dissemination of ...
Shigella bacteria ranks as one of the leading causes of death linked to diarrheal illness around the world. "Only use antibiotics if you are prescribed antibiotics from your doctor, and try to be aware about antimicrobial resistance and what we can do as citizens to help make sure we preserve...
This is useful for designing new and more intelligent breeding programs. Microorganisms Single-celled organisms, such as bacteria, also have SNPs. SNP genotyping can discriminate between bacterial isolates and can also be used to characterize strains of antib...
What is a urinary tract infection (UTI)?A UTI is caused by bacteria that get inside your urinary tract. Your urinary tract includes your kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. A UTI is more common in your lower urinary tract, which includes your bladder and urethra....
contamination by lipopolysaccharides (endotoxins) that are introduced by bacteria during the manufacturing process is critical. The innate immune system can detect even trace amounts, significantly impeding the transfection process. It is recommended to use commercial kits to remove endotoxins from genetic...
resistance. A bacterium may naturally be resistant to the drug. One such example is the nptII gene, which is found naturally in bacteria and which produces an enzyme that inhibits the action of kanamycin in the bacterial cell. This type of natural resistance passes down through the bacterial ...
What is antibiotic resistance? Antibiotic resistance happens when an antibiotic loses its ability to effectively control or kill bacteria. The bacteria become "resistant" and continue to grow because the antibiotic being administered has no ability to kill them. The World Health Organization, the U....
HIV is a virus that causes AIDS. These viruses enter the healthy body and destroy T-cell, while they reproduce themselves. In the meantime, the immune system gets attack and began to breakdown. The immune system help defend the body from flu, cold, virus, germs, infection and bacteria. Be...
Peptic Ulcer Disease Rebecca Hang Id number Peptic ulcer disease also known as PUD, is a disease in which hydrochloric acid and pepsin comes into contact with a tissue in the GI tract causing injury to that area. The area that peptic ulcer occur most is the first portion of the small inte...
Confer resistance against phagocytosis The Slime layer protects from proteolytic enzymes 4. Sheath and Prosthecae A sheath is a hollow tube-like structure enclosing chain-forming bacteria, mostly aquatic bacteria. It provides mechanical strength to the chain. ...