Is hypertensive heart disease curable? How is hypertensive heart disease treated? What is severe coronary artery calcification? What is acute myocardial ischemia? What is premature coronary artery disease? What is ischemic cardiomyopathy? What is bicuspid aortic valve disease?
How does atherosclerosis cause myocardial ischemia? What is an infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm? What are the causes of valvular heart disease? What causes valvular heart disease? How does pulmonary hypertension cause heart failure? What causes malignant pleural effusion?
1. What is the most likely diagnosis?Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA).腹主动脉瘤 疾病特点：有多种血管病变危险因素+腰背部疼痛，扩冠抗凝治疗无效，CT/MRI可明确诊断。2. What is the three-layer composition of muscular arteries?The tunica intima is adjacent to the lumen and includes the endothelial ...
Lipoprotein(a) and Aortic Valve Stenosis Aortic valve abnormalities are pretty frequent in older people. A thickening or calcification of the aortic valve or calcification, without significant obstruction, is found in 26 percent of people older than 65 years (14). In some people, the aortic valve...
It is known that inflammation has a critical role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis,10,11 and that hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with increases in inflammatory makers.12,13 On the other hand, HCV infection is common in HD patients,14,15 and is associated with a higher...
In the current issue of Circulation, Ix et al demonstrate an inverse correlation between mitral and aortic valve calcification and serum fetuin-A levels in a cross-sectional study of 970 patients with coronary artery disease and without renal disease.1 Increased serum fetuin was significantly associat...
Tortuous thoracic aorta is also frequently seen in elderly patients, in whom the cause is mild cases of atherosclerosis. What are the Symptoms of a Tortuous Aorta? Most physical symptoms of tortuous aorta are so minor, most people with the condition hardly notice it. Symptoms that patients commo...
Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of death in the western world, and is responsible for the majority of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular events such as ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction [1]. Atherosclerosis consists in the formation of “plaques” in the arterial vessel wall. Endothelial ...
A collapsed vein is when a blood vessel loses the ability to remain open to allow the blood flow to circulate through it. Most commonly the vein can recover over time, however it is possible to have permanent damage, meaning a permanently collapsed vein. The most common symptom is pain ...
Specifically, some studies suggest that detection of severe thoracic aortic calcification may be helpful in further risk assessment and that detection of aortic valve calcifications may have important prognostic implications in younger individuals. Although more research is needed, particularly in larger ...