5.3. Vacuum Arc Melting (VAM) Vacuum arc melting (VAM) is a process for melting metals developed in 1839. VAM offer quick melting of the cathodic electrode under the high temperature of the direct-current arc. Then the liquid metal is rapidly solidified into an ingot in the water-cooled mo...
PTAIS PTAK PTAKN PTAL PTALA PTALD PTAM PTAMB PTAMS PTAN PTAO PTAP PTAR PTARC PTAS PTAT PTAT1 PTATC PTATF PTATS PtAu PTAV PTAVE PTAVP PTAW PTB PTB W/ J&C PTB-SC PTB-SC/SP PTBA PTBB PTBBA PTBBS PTBC PTBD PTBE PTBF