Mass spectrometers produce spectra which show intensity as a function of mass-to-charge ratio. This is done by ionising the sample, supplying the ions with kinetic energy, and directing them through a magnetic field. The ions are then deflected by the field. Those with a lower mass-to-charge...
Why measure spectra? The frequency domain also has its measurement strengths. We have already seen in Figures 1-1 and 1-2 that the frequency domain is better for determining the harmonic content of a signal. People involved in wireless communications are extremely interested in out-of-band and...
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(remember that the charge of a complete atom is zero because the charge of the electrons balances that of the protons). This was confirmed experimentally by Henry Moseley in 1913 using X-ray spectra. In 1918-19 Rutherford fired alpha particles (which are effectively helium nuclei -so,helium ...
In low cost spectrometers or in situations where accurate wavelength selection is not important, optical filters are used to isolate the wavelength region of interest. However, for accurate wavelength selection and the generation of spectra, a dispersive element that separates light into its constituent...
A Power Spectral Density (PSD) is the measure of signal's power content versus frequency. A PSD is typically used to characterize broadband random signals. The amplitude of the PSD is normalized by the spectral resolution employed to digitize the signal. For vibration data, a PSD has amplitude...
the probe for your gene of interest is labeled with FAM dye and the probe for the control with VIC dye. The emission spectra for FAM and VIC peak at 517nm (in the blue region of the visible spectrum) and 551nm (in the green region) respectively (Figure 1), making these wavelengths ...
The interquartile of a distribution is the range of values including the middle 50% of the distribution, leaving out the highest and lowest quartiles. Alternative estimates of the current masses for MC clusters are provided by other studies, e.g., by McLaughlin and van der Marel (2005), wh...
Eventually, scientists discovered that the strange features in the spectra of 3C 273 resulted from the object being 9 billion light-years from Earth, causing a feature arising from hydrogen atoms in its light to be highly red-shifted. We now know that the light from this quasar is 2 trillion...
marketed form of the drug is ApreMilast anhydrous Form B. US Patent US7893101 discloses the crystalline forms of ApreMilast, including Form A, Form B, Form C, Form D, Form E, Form F, and Form G. US Patent US15283249 discloses the amorphous form of ApreMilast and provides XRTO spectra ...