The primary mode of transmission is via contact with respiratory secretions or skin lesions of an infected person. Humans are believed to be the primary reservoir for Corynebacterium diphtheriae, although rare incidences of the disease have been reported in animals. Diphtheria can occur throughout the...
(a) clostridia (b) actinomycetes (c) enterobacteria (d) spirochetes (e) streptococci With regard to Bacteria, what is a Reservoir? A) Dead bacteria in the host that causes an allergic reaction. B) A place where bacteria live without causing disease (i.e., they have not yet colonized a...
What is an example of microbial antagonism? What is gerontology nutrition? What are food sulfates? What is a normal lactate level? What is water in biochemistry? Agar melts at what temperature? What does E. coli do in the intestines? What is organic geochemistry? What is reservoir sedimentatio...
Anyone can get infected and there is no effective drug treatment for cryptosporidiosis, with the main symptom being prolonged diarrhoea. Prof Paul Hunter, a specialist in microbiology and infectious disease from the University of East Anglia, says most people recover after a couple of weeks but it...
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a systemic protozoan disease that is transmitted by phlebotomine sandflies. Poor and neglected populations in East Africa and the Indian sub-continent are particularly affected. Early and accurate diagnosis and treatment re
a heat engine is a device that converts heat to work. it takes heat from a reservoir, then does some work like moving a piston, lifting weight etc. and finally discharges some heat energy into the sink. schematically it can be represented as: heat engine efficiency let us derive an ...
In the former, humans are occasional hosts and ani- mals, mainly dogs, are the reservoir of the parasite7. Zoonotic VL is found in areas of L. infantum transmis- sion whereas anthroponotic VL is found in areas of L. donovani transmission. PKDL is characterized by a macular, maculo-...
Viral reservoirCell signallingHuman cytomegalovirus (HCMV) latency and reactivation is regulated by the chromatin structure at the major immediate early promoter (MIEP) within myeloid cells. Both cellular and viral factors are known to control this promoter during latency, here we will review the ...
Upon transmission to a new host, HIV targets CCR5+CD4+ effector memory T cells, resulting in acute, massive depletion of these cells from mucosal effector sites. This depletion does not initially compromise the regenerative capacity of the immune system
On the contrary, the risk can be considered negligible when they are cooked at a high temperature, while information is still scarce for non-thermal treatments. Keywords: Norovirus; bivalve mollusc; risk assessment; food-borne virus; food microbiology; water-borne virus; microbiological criteria...