What is a mesh network? Why are network layers important? What are host files? What is a mesh topology? What is SSL? What is data granularity? (i). What should be the flag value to indicate the last fragment? (ii). If the value in protocol field is 17, which transport layer protoc...
Transport layer builds on the network layer in order to provide data transport from a process on a source system machine to a process on a destination system. It is hosted using single or multiple networks, and also maintains the quality of service functions. It determines how much data should...
UDP:TheUser Datagram Protocol (UDP)is a faster but less reliable alternative to TCP at the transport layer. It is often used in services likevideo streamingand gaming, where fast data delivery is paramount. What protocols do routers use?
Physical layer.Thephysical layeris the initial layer that physically connects two interoperable systems. It controls simplex orduplexmodem transmissions and transfers data in bits. Additionally, it oversees the hardware that connects the network interface card (NIC) to the network, including the wiring...
ICMP is a network layer protocol that routers, intermediary devices and hosts use to communicate error information or updates to other routers, intermediary devices and hosts. ICMP messages are sent in several scenarios. For example, if one device sends a message that's too large for the recipie...
In today's intricate enterprise networks that consist of numerous subnets and virtual LANs, the presence of a layer 3 switch holds significant importance. However, is a layer 3 switch necessary for your network? Let's delve into this matter. Introduction: To put it simply, a layer 3 switch...
Network protocols are broken up into categories called layers. Discussing the various layers is beyond the scope of this lesson, but suffice it to say that the first layer is closest to the electrical components, like the network cable of a computer. The last layer is closest to what a pers...
In the 7-layerOSI model(see below), the network layer is layer 3. TheInternet Protocol (IP)is one of the main protocols used at this layer, along with several other protocols forrouting, testing, andencryption. Suppose Bob and Alice are connected to the same local area network (LAN), ...
How does SNMP work in Internet Protocol networks? Generally speaking, the SNMP protocol employs the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) as its underlying transport layer protocol. UDP is a wireless protocol similar to TCP, but it does not provide error-checking and recovery services. Instead, UDP contin...
Today, email is open to vulnerability. Attackers impersonate both senders and domains to launch attacks such as spam and phishing that compromise business email. Successful breaches create some of the most serious and time-consuming challenges for IT security. But worse, they result in a loss of...