What is the pathophysiology of diabetic ketoacidosis? What is the pathophysiology of dementia? What is the pathophysiology of muscle weakness? What is the pathophysiology of arthritis? What is the pathophysiology of intestinal ischemia? What is the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes?
As the retina is an extension of the diencepha- lon, retinal blood vessels share similar anatomic, physiological and embryological properties with the brain, and possess a blood-retinal barrier analogous to the blood-brain barrier[3]. Retinal ischemia is a common cause of visual impairment and ...
Is dementia a neurodegenerative disease? What does chronic traumatic encephalopathy do to the brain? What is a degenerative disease of the brain? Is dementia a brain disease? What is advanced Lewy body dementia? What is reversible myocardial ischemia?
What is an inferior heart attack? Inferior wall myocardial infarction (MI)occurs from a coronary artery occlusion with resultant decreased perfusion to that region of the myocardium. Unless there is timely treatment, this results in myocardial ischemia followed by infarction. ...
Ruzsics B, Lee H, Zwerner PL et al (2008) Dual-energy CT of the heart for diagnosing coronary artery stenosis and myocardial ischemia: initial experience. Eur Radiol 18:2414–2424 Article PubMed Google Scholar Nicolaou A, Eftekhari A, Sedlic T et al (2008) The utilization of dual sour...
Dissection usually begins with an intimal tear at the points of greatest hydraulic stress—the right lateral wall of the ascending aorta or the descending thoracic aorta close to the ligamentum arteriosum.3 Imaging studies of classic type A or type B dissection show two or more channels ...
In our view, hyperinnervation in the lateral retinaculum, mainly nociceptive substance P-positive nerves induced by the release of neural growth factor, is involved in the pathogenesis of anterior knee pain. We hypothesize that periodic short episodes of ischemia may trigger neural proliferation....
The endothelial glycocalyx (EG) is the thin sugar-based lining on the apical surface of endothelial cells. It has been linked to the physiological functioning of the microcirculation and has been found to be damaged in critical illness and after acute ca
Kupffer cells (KC) are liver macrophages involved in the response to such stressors as infections, ischemia and toxins[50] and they are also implicated in liver inflammation and NASH progression[51]. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) -α, a cytokine produced by KCs, hepatocytes, and abdominal fat,...
What organ systems does myocardial ischemia affect? What does the thoracic aorta supply? What organs and structures are contained in the thoracic cavity? What structures lie lateral to the heart? What is the purpose of the atria? When atria relax, what do ventricles do?