When there is a charge separation between two covalently bonded atoms, a dipole is created where the more electronegative atom has a partial negative charge and the other atom has a partial positive charge. This is a characteristic of polar, hydrophilic molecules. Hydrophobic molecules do not have...
A receptor protein on the outside of a cell is embedded in the hydrophobic, lipid portion of the cell membrane. Once the protein is folded into its biologically functional structure, what type of amino acid side chain is most likely to be interacting with ...
1.in thermodynamics, a measure of the part of the internal energy of a system that is unavailable to do work. In any spontaneous process, such as the flow of heat from a hot region to a cold region, entropy always increases. 2.the tendency of a system to move toward randomness. ...
aPhosphoglycerides, the most abundant class of lipids in most membranes, are derivatives of glycerol 3-phosphate(Figure 5-5a). A typical phosphoglyceride molecule consists of a hydrophobic tail composed of two fatty acyl chains esterified to the two hydroxyl groups in glycerol phosphate and a pola...
- Micelles are formed when surfactants are introduced into a solvent (like water). Surfactants have a dual nature; they possess a hydrophilic (water-attracting) head and a hydrophobic (water-repelling) tail. 3. Mechanism of Micelle Formation: - When surfactants are added to water, they orient...
The lipids are formed of two parts: A hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail. When presented with an aqueous solution, lipid bilayers naturally form a sphere, with the head pointing outward and the tail inward, away from the solution. All of the cell structures are contained within the ...
aA typical biomembrane is assembled from phosphoglycerides, sphingolipids, and steroids. All three classes of lipids are amphipathic molecules having a polar (hydrophilic) head group and hydrophobic tail. The hydrophobic effect and vander Waals interactions, discussed in Chapter 2, cause the tail group...
(LPS), which is present in the outer cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Polymyxins consist of a cyclicpeptidewhich has a long hydrophobic tail, a key in the disruption of the inner and outer cell membranes. Their mechanism of action is similar to that of surfactants or detergents. ...
Phospholipid bilayer Hydrophilic head, Hydrophobic tail Membranes semi-permeable; ion selectivity (selectively permeable) How is resting membrane potential achieved? - Impermeable bilayer, - Large anions inside the cell, - Selective LEAK channels for K+, - Ion pumps help sodium go against its concentr...
What is the difference between hydrophilic and hydrophobic? Which part or region of a phospholipid always faces the water environment on either side of the plasma memebrane? What type of fat forms most of the cell membrane and has hydrophilic and hydrophobic ends?