Intrinsic modulation of lymphocyte function by stromal cell network: advance in therapeutic targeting of cancer. In this article, we summarize what is currently known about the interactions between stromal cells and lymphocytes in the tumor microenvironment, as well as... Güllü,G?rgün,Kenneth,.....
Second, mutant KIT is oncogenic, supporting the growth of stably Figure 2 KIT and PDGFRA mutations in gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). transfected BA/F3 cells in nude mice.7,24 Third, when expressed in transfected cell lines, mutant forms of KIT show constitutive kinase activity in the ...
adrenal tumorextragastrointestinal stromal tumorsExtraintestinal gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are extremely rare, and adrenal GISTs are even exceptional. Only three cases have been reported in the literature thus far, the current case being the fourth. This case demonstrates t...
and HIF-3α protein stability is regulated by prolyl hydroxylases (PHD; Fig.1), which require O2and 2-oxoglutarate as substrates and ascorbate as a cofactor10. Hydroxylated Pro402 and Pro564 of the HIF-α form then allow von Hippel‒Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor protein to bind and media...
Calcitonin concentration is directly proportional to the tumor mass. At bCtn values of 60–100 pg/mL, there is a strong probability of the presence of a C-cell proliferative process. Concentrations above 500 pg/mL may indicate the presence of distant metastases [15]. The main limitation of ...
The glioma microenvironment is a dynamic entity that consists, besides of glioma cells (including GSC), of an intricate network that encompasses different cell types (e.g., endothelial cells, astrocytes and microglia), stromal components, soluble factors as well as the ECM [32,33]. Altogether,...
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Zehua Zhao1, Tianming Li1, Yuan Yuan2,3,4* and Yanmei Zhu1* Abstract The tumor microenvironment is one of the important drivers of tumor development. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a major component of the tumor stroma and actively participate in tumor development,...
with respect to drug tolerance is aligned with that of cellular stemness. Here, we will rely on the example of a two-state dichotomy that can often be observed by measuring expression status of a single protein marker X (e.g., XHigh and XLow). This may appear simplistic, but serves ...
Melo Additional information is available at the end of the chapter http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.69449 Abstract Exosomes have been implicated in a wide range of pathological and nonpathological processes. Research on tumor-derived exosomes uncovered their role on major processes associated with...