Genome science finds modular and conserved units of inheritance, identified as homologous genes. Such genes are cybernetic, transmitting information over generations; this too requires multi-leveled analysis, from DNA transcription to development and reproduction of the whole organism. Genes are conserved;...
This section provides a quick introduction of gene, which is a section of a double helix DNA structure that contains a specific sequence of base pairs representing a specific coded instruction to construct building blocks for living organisms.©...
Thepromoter, a DNA sequence that liesupstreamof the RNA coding region, serves as an indicator of where and in which direction transcription should proceed. The promoter is not actually transcribed; its role is purely regulatory. While promoters vary tremendously among eukaryotes, there are some comm...
A gene library is a collection of DNA fragments that have been cloned randomly from the genomes of organisms. While the...
DNA Elements (ENCODE) project. The pilot phase of ENCODE involves scrutinizing roughly 1% of the human genome in unprecedented detail; the aim is to find all the sequences that serve a useful purpose and explain what that purpose is. “When we started the ENCODE project I had a different ...
What is the smallest DNA virus? What DNA virus does not use the nucleus to replicate? What is the largest DNA virus? How does a DNA virus replicate? What is an example of DNA replication? What is a RNA virus genome? Which type of DNA virus has a single-stranded genome?
followed by alignment of reads to a reference genome or assembly of reads for novel genomes, and finally by variant calling. The main output is a BAM file containing aligned reads. Tertiary analysis is the most challenging step, as it...
This is considered the birth of first-generation sequencing. However, the advent of Sanger’s chain-termination method in 1977 would be the breakthrough that propelled sequencing into the future [1]; many years after its development, Sanger sequencing was...
Structure of DNA (Photo Credit : Zvitaliy/Shutterstock) Thus, a DNA molecule is like a ladder that twists like a corkscrew, with the sugar and phosphate acting as the side rails and the base pairs acting as the rungs. Where Do We Find DNA?
Dark DNA is the genetic code in the human genome that currently has no known original source. We have traced 8% of the human genome to viruses. 1-2% of our genome comes from other animals. Believe it or not you share 55% of your genetic code with a banana – and that’s not just...