The normal distribution occurs in many fields. For instance, the heights and weights of people, blood pressure, exam scores, measurement errors in science, and stock prices are often approximately normally dist
Let’s start directly with the maximum likelihood function: where phi is your conditional probability, i.e., sigmoid (logistic) function: and z is simply thenet input(a scalar): So, by maximizing the likelihood we maximize the probability. Since we are talking about “cost”, lets reverse ...
d. None of the above Binomial Distribution: The binomial distribution is a discrete distribution that forms the number of events in a constant number of trials. Every trial has only two possible outcomes, success or a failure; ...
There are five main clustering approaches. The most common are k-means clustering and hierarchical (or hierarchy) clustering. The clustering approach an organization takes depends on what is being analyzed and why. With visualization techniques such as scatter plots and dendrograms, businesses can eff...
R-squared is a statistical measure that represents the proportion of the variance in the dependent variable explained by the independent variables. It ranges from 0 to 1, with higher values indicating a better fit of the model to the data. R-squared measures the goodness of fit but does not...
What type of statistical test would be used for the following research question? Married couples have a significant increase risk for divorce with the birth of very low birth weight infants compared to normal newborn infants. Describe and give examples of research questions for which external vali...
Mac: Does Stata support the MacBook Pro with Retina display? (Updated 23 January 2013) Resources: The Stata Journal FAQ (Updated 21 January 2013) Resources: The Statalist FAQ (Updated 21 November 2012) Windows: How can I determine if my computer/operating system is 64-bit? (Updated...
What can you not tell from a boxplot? A boxplot doesn’t show the exact shape of the data distribution (like detailed peaks or data skews in the distribution), individual data points or the total number of data points in a data set. Boxplots also don’t always show the mean and mod...
Show more When will artificial general intelligence be invented? Leaving aside precise definitions, most people in AI agree that AGI does not yet exist. Expectations for when it may exist vary widely, from quite soon to never. The DeepMind authors emphasize that there are levels of AGI, just ...
Linear regression is a basic component insupervised learning. At its core, it can help determine if one explanatory variable can provide value in predicting the outcome of the other. For example, does ad spending on one medium or another have any meaningful impact on sales?