It is possible that the greater distractions low-income children face when taking tests does more than just introduce a greater amount of random noise. For instance, it could mean that low-income children, on average, do not show their true potential in their tests – i.e. that their score...
The population was therefore stratified into four countries (England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland), and then into further strata of ‘ethnic minority’, ‘disadvantaged’ and ‘advantaged’ based on data drawn from the electoral ward. The data are gathered in face-to-face interviews ...