Pain occurs when a signal from a noxious stimulus is transmitted via peripheral nerve fibers to the spino-thalamic tract, and finally relayed to the somatosensory cortex. Opioid receptors are present in the central and peripheral nervous systems, and when they are activated, further transmission of...
membranes Review What Ion Flow along Ion Channels Can Tell us about Their Functional Activity Lucia Becucci * and Rolando Guidelli † Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia, 3, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy; rolando.guidelli@libero.it * Correspondence:...