a选择与对数线性模型相同的变量,进行医疗消费5%-95%的分位数对样本进行回归。 The choice and the logarithm linear model same variable, carries on the medical service to expend 5%-95% quantile to carry on the return to the sample.[translate] ...
Transformer models:Transformer models use mathematical techniques called “attention” or “self-attention” to identify how different elements in a series of data influence one another. The “GPT” in OpenAI’s Chat-GPT stands for “Generative Pretrained Transformer.” Discriminative models Discriminative...
Quantile maps of OPPs from 2005 to 2016 in China Full size image Spatial autocorrelation tests The global spatial correlation test shows the spatial correlation strengthening of China’s per capita OPPs. The latter was found to have a significant and positive spatial correlation under the 5% signifi...
Y represents the actual variable, Y* stands for the restricted dependent variable, and X is the independent variable. β shows estimative factors, and ui shows the error with the distribution of N (0, σ2). 4. Calculation Results of CEE The panel data of 11 Western provinces from 2010 ...
For the power envelope, we simulate from the null P ( λ ) = K ( λ , ϵ ) distribution, compute 10,000 values of L L R ( λ , λ , γ ) and extract the 95 % quantile as a critical value, c v . The D G P is the Katz family K ( λ , γ ) and we simulate 10 ...
What stands out from Table 5 is that a crisis event can trigger a very limited herding phenomenon when energy markets (oil/gas–spot/futures) are considered. There are very few negative and significant values (in bold) in Table 5. It is worth noticing that even during the Russia–Ukraine ...
With respect to the temporal pattern, in general, the source contribution does not exhibit a strong seasonality, except for particulate mater under the “Other” sector, which includes the external contribution to particle levels. Despite this seasonal behaviour for particulate matter, both gas-phase...