Pseudo-random numbers work by standing with a number, multiplying it by a large number, adding an offset, then taking the modulo of that. The Sum of the resulting number is then used as the seed to generate the next random number. When you set the seed, it does the same thing every ...
fun fact: In Python this also works for floats. Not only for integers. For example 5.3 % 2.5 = 0.3 (because 5.3 = 2*2.5 + 0.3, i.e. rest of 0.3) 27th Aug 2018, 3:29 PM Matthias 0 This is the modulo operator that returns the remainder of a division. In other languages is mig...
While beauty is quite subjective, there are some Python style rules to adhere to: limiting line lengths, keeping statements on separate lines, splitting imports on separate lines, and so on. In short, instead of a somewhat complex function such as this: def filter_modulo(items, modulo): outp...
AFAIK Python had exceptions under the spotlight from the beginning – although similarly to Perl it had exception strings before it had exception classes. And in fact it does its best to adhere to its "Errors should never pass silently" philosophy, the few deviations coming to mind having to ...
This traditional approach is covered in many places, such as this text of Vaughan. We will emphasise in this set of notes a slightly different perspective on the circle method, coming from recent developments in additive combinatorics; this approach does not quite give the sharpest quantitative est...
This structure theorem can be obtained by averaging a dilation lemma, which is a somewhat surprising symmetry of tiling equations that basically arises from finite characteristic arguments (viewing the tiling equation modulo for various large primes ). For Theorem 2, one can take advantage of the...
Python actually provides a cmp_to_key function in the functools module which does just this. The return type of this cmp_to_key function is an interesting one. Even though we know that the return class will be an instance of the locally-defined Key class, we haven’t indicated this in ...
In number theory, the nth Pisano period, written as π(n), is the period with which the sequence of Fibonacci numbers taken modulo n repeats. Pisano periods
Why is encryption important in data security? Mention at least three situations where Whole Disk Encryption (WED) solutions are required. What does encrypting your computer mean? What two cryptographic protections does an HMAC provide? A. Authentication and message confidentiality. B. Authentication ...
Bitwise operations (AND, OR, XOR).These operations work at the bit level and create diffusion. Small changes in a block’s bits lead to large changes in the output. Modular additions.Many algorithms add round-specific constants and block data modulo 2^32 (or 2^64, depending on the variant...