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Collectively they have explored likelihood ratio (LR), Lagrange multiplier (LM), and Wald tests, together with tests based on generalised method of moments (GMM) estimators, for over-dispersion in the PRM. Fang (2003) concludes that his preferred GMM test is that based on the fewest over-...
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The role, evolution, importance, professionalisation, wage differentials and other global aspects of sheltered employment centres have been studied for many years (Visier1998; Rubio2003; Laloma2007; Jordán de Urríes and Verdugo2010; Rodríguez et al.2012; López et al.2014; Manzano Martín et a...
Notes: autocorrelation tests (LM (1), LM (4), and LM (8)) denote multivariate Godfrey [43] Lagrange multiplier (LM) type test for the first, fourth, and eighth order autocorrelations; the numbers reported are thePvalues for the corresponding test statistics; heteroskedasticity test denotes Wh...
(LISMI), sheltered employment centres receive public subsidies for the labour insertion of people with disabilities. Those subsidies provided to these entities represent important economic flows for them (López et al.2014). The purpose of the received subsidies is different: discounts for companies’...
Energy intensity reflects the relationship between regional energy consumption and economic output and is usually used to represent the level of energy use and energy use efficiency. Referring to the study of Tajudeen et al. [31], this paper took the energy consumption ratio to the level of regi...
Furthermore, we applied a Lagrange Multiplier to test autocorrelation in the squared residuals. The Ljung–Box Q test suggests an absence of autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity. Therefore, the results of the tests indicate that the ARIMA model was well specified. Figure 2. Autocorrelation and...
This intricate issue was solved by the SAM [44], which incorporates the Lagrange multiplier (LM) robust diagnostic test. This test comprises two metrics: the LM (lag) and the LM (error). The robustness of these two metrics is assessed to determine the appropriate application of either the ...
In this case, the capital constraint does not bind and the Lagrange multiplier is zero, since the bank’s choice of capital is inside the capital constraint. As a result, we have: λ 1 * ( t ) = 2 τ χ κ L r τ , t j κ − r τ , t j * for r τ , t j κ > ...