The objective of the chapter is to provide an overview of the filtration terminology and the basic engineering principles, as well as the calculation methods that describe the filtration process in a generalized way. The chapter also explains different filtration processes for different fluids. It ...
Laboratory assistants in biology and medicine play a central role in the operation of laboratories in hospitals, research institutes, and industries. Their daily work routine is characterized by dealing with molecular structures/chemical substances (i.e. biochemistry) as well as cell cultures (i.e....
He stated: “My permeation diffusion hypothesis depends on 2 main assumptions: (i) that the GBM is a gel having size-selective properties determined by permeation and diffusion, not by filtration; and (ii) that the slit diaphragm is essential for normal glomerular structure but does not act as...
The astronaut (male or female) defecates (排便) in a bag and urinates (排尿) in a hose(软管). Solid and liquid wastes are kept separated because at least 85% of the urine is recycled and, yes, after careful filtration(过滤), used for drinking and other purposes. (Water is always in...
even the low frequency components that are allowed to pass the filter would differ slightly between different cone classes; that is, even opponent channels that only use the low frequency components would not produce a flicker-free signal. Therefore, the use of low pass filtration for generating ...
How does a Force Transducer work? Looking under the hood Meet the strain gauge The underlying physics and material science behind the force sensor working principle is tied to a component of the sensor that is called the strain gauge (or strain gage). Structurally, a load cell sensor is ...
What does this mean, and how does pH level has something to do with it? In this article, we will discuss the pH level more. We will know the recommended pH level for tap, pure, and filtered drinking water. Furthermore, we will discuss the importance of pH in water and determine its...
As a 2009 research explains, it can take only one single virus particle to get infected. A 2020 study also found that there is a risk of breathing in aerosols even from a distance, especially in enclosed spaces with poor ventilation inside. But how does this relate to face masks and how...
Some iceberg water brands choose to raise the pH using processes such as activated carbon filtration. These alter the taste and chemistry from the iceberg water’s natural state. There are very few brands of iceberg water on the market and there are a few that are no longer in operation. ...
A change in water and salt intake is paralleled by an equivalent change in renal water and salt excretion through the process of glomerular filtration of plasma. As for blood buffering system, the electrolyte–water balance is under physiological control (osmoregulation). Increased osmolality in the...