The normal distribution occurs in many fields. For instance, the heights and weights of people, blood pressure, exam scores, measurement errors in science, and stock prices are often approximately normally dist
Let’s start directly with the maximum likelihood function: where phi is your conditional probability, i.e., sigmoid (logistic) function: and z is simply thenet input(a scalar): So, by maximizing the likelihood we maximize the probability. Since we are talking about “cost”, lets reverse ...
What type of statistical test would be used for the following research question? Married couples have a significant increase risk for divorce with the birth of very low birth weight infants compared to normal newborn infants. Describe and give examples of research questions for which external vali...
What is a Histogram? How does it differ from a Frequency polygon?Question:What is a Histogram? How does it differ from a Frequency polygon?Statistics:Statistics is a branch that concerns the assortment, association, investigation, understanding, and representation of information by using differen...
Statistics: How can I get an R-squared value when a Stata command does not supply one? (Updated 26 June 2017) Statistics: Why do I see different p-values, etc., when I change the base level for a factor in my regression? (Updated 26 June 2017) Windows: Why do I get slightly ...
What is cluster analysis, and how does it work? What is the purpose of clustering datasets? Why is cluster analysis important for business strategy? What are the different types of clustering and when do you use them? What are the characteristics of a good cluster analysis?
R-squared is a statistical measure that represents the proportion of the variance in the dependent variable explained by the independent variables. It ranges from 0 to 1, with higher values indicating a better fit of the model to the data. R-squared measures the goodness of fit but does not...
A boxplot doesn’t show the exact shape of the data distribution (like detailed peaks or data skews in the distribution), individual data points or the total number of data points in a data set. Boxplots also don’t always show the mean and mode of a data set. ...
Show more When will artificial general intelligence be invented? Leaving aside precise definitions, most people in AI agree that AGI does not yet exist. Expectations for when it may exist vary widely, from quite soon to never. The DeepMind authors emphasize that there are levels of AGI, just ...
Linear regression is a basic component insupervised learning. At its core, it can help determine if one explanatory variable can provide value in predicting the outcome of the other. For example, does ad spending on one medium or another have any meaningful impact on sales?