The membrane allows only the hydrogen proton(质子) to pass through, forcing its electron to run around the membrane to catch up with the proton on the other side. This creates electricity, water,and heat, but no exhaust emissions.If the fuel cell is powered with pure hydrogen, it has the...
(Ca) ions are also important in maintaining the resting membrane potential in muscle cells. The Ca2+ions are stored in an organelle called the sarcoplasmic reticulum, which contains protein pumps to maintain high concentrations of Ca2+inside the compartment. When amuscle cellis told to contract, ...
If the fuel cell is powered with pure hydrogen,it has the potential to be up t0 80-percent efficient,That is,it turns 80percent of the energy content of the hydrogen into electrical energy.However,we still need to turn the electrical energy into mechanical work.This is accomplished by the ...
These pumps rely on the presence of an electrical gradient across the cell membrane. This gradient is known as the resting membrane potential. Once ions are let into the cell through the pumps, the pumps must close - the membrane potential becomes more negative and o...
An action potential is a transient change in membrane potential which can spread along the membrane and be used for intercellular communications. Actions potentials are specifically used for communication between nerves, muscles and glands. Actions potentials are specifically generated by the opening and ...
longum did not modulate membrane potential. Instead, bacteria significantly decreased the redox activity in response to milieus such as eukaryotic cells presence, inflamed eukaryotic cells as well as the culture medium (p < 0.001). The redox activity was significantly different in the cells ...
A. NuRD-ZNF827 recruitment to telomeres creates a molecular scaffold for homologous recombination. Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 21, 760–770 (2014). CAS PubMed Google Scholar Ramamoorthy, M. & Smith, S. Loss of ATRX suppresses resolution of telomere cohesion to control recombination in ALT ...
cells refuse to destruct in the normal course, and abnormal DNA makes them divide endlessly to form fresh cells which continue to grow. Uncontrolled cell division creates an unusual mass of tissue called a tumor. Tumorous tissue upsets the normal rhythm of bodily functions, and creates life threa...
In most mammals, the thermogenic function relies on uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), which creates a proton leak across the inner mitochondrial membrane, diverting protons away from ATP synthesis and resulting in heat dissipation. However, that is not the case in pigs. Accumulating evidence suggested ...
The proton gradient across a membrane creates potential energy, which ATP Synthase uses to synthesize ATP as protons flow back across the membrane. 6 Why is ATP Synthase important for cellular respiration? ATP Synthase is crucial for cellular respiration as it produces ATP, the energy currency of...