(Ca) ions are also important in maintaining the resting membrane potential in muscle cells. The Ca2+ions are stored in an organelle called the sarcoplasmic reticulum, which contains protein pumps to maintain high concentrations of Ca2+inside the compartment. When amuscle cellis told to contract, ...
The membrane allows only the hydrogen proton(质子) to pass through, forcing its electron to run around the membrane to catch up with the proton on the other side. This creates electricity, water,and heat, but no exhaust emissions.If the fuel cell is powered with pure hydrogen, it has the...
An action potential is a transient change in membrane potential which can spread along the membrane and be used for intercellular communications. Actions potentials are specifically used for communication between nerves, muscles and glands. Actions potentials are specifically generated by the opening and ...
What mechanisms are in place to prevent the continuous stimulation of a muscle fiber after the neurotransmitter is released from the presynaptic membrane?Why does direct electrical stimulation produce contractions of the muscle?A researcher creates a drug that blocks calcium channels. What would be ...
attempts to pass through a fuel cell membrane(膜) to unite with an oxygen atom.The membrane allows only the hydrogen proton(质子) to pass through,forcing its electron to run around the membrane to catch up with the proton on the other side.This creates electricity,water,and heat,but no ...
Composting creates the ideal conditions for the natural decaying and rotting processes that occur in nature. Composting requires the following: organic waste: newspaper, leaves, grass, kitchen waste (fruit and vegetable scraps), woody materials, coffee grounds, etc. water oxygen During composting, mic...
longum did not modulate membrane potential. Instead, bacteria significantly decreased the redox activity in response to milieus such as eukaryotic cells presence, inflamed eukaryotic cells as well as the culture medium (p < 0.001). The redox activity was significantly different in the cells ...
In most mammals, the thermogenic function relies on uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), which creates a proton leak across the inner mitochondrial membrane, diverting protons away from ATP synthesis and resulting in heat dissipation. However, that is not the case in pigs. Accumulating evidence suggested ...
The proton gradient across a membrane creates potential energy, which ATP Synthase uses to synthesize ATP as protons flow back across the membrane. 6 Why is ATP Synthase important for cellular respiration? ATP Synthase is crucial for cellular respiration as it produces ATP, the energy currency of...
with constant binding of H+ions on the inside of the glass membrane, while the outside of the glass membrane is exposed to the sample where a variable amount of H+ions exist. The difference in H+ions creates a potential that is read versus the stable potential of the reference electrode....