AGEs have a wide range of pathogenic effects. The formation of AGEs causes extensive cross-linking between protein molecules, resulting in changes in protein structure, mechanical strength, solubility, coordination and binding and other properties. Glycosylation of various proteins in the body can affect...
Apolipoprotein CETP: Cholesteryl ester transfer protein CHD: Coronary heart disease CI: Confidence interval CV: Cardiovascular CVD: Cardiovascular disease EAS: European Atherosclerosis Society EPA: Eicosapentaenoic acid ER: Extended-release HDL: High-density lipoprotein IAS: International Atheros...
Abbreviations: ApoA1: apolipoprotein A1; ApoB48: apolipoprotein B48; ApoB100: apolipoprotein B100; ApoC: apolipoprotein C; ApoE: apolipoprotein E; CE: cholesteryl esters; CETP: cholesteryl ester transfer protein; FAs: fatty acids; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; HL: hepatic lipase; IDL: ...
high-density lipoprotein blood concentration, an increase in the triglyceride blood concentration, and the presence of modified lipoproteins not routinely measured in clinical practice. Nitrated lipoproteins are produced by the nitration of the tyrosyl residues of apolipoproteins by myeloperoxidase. There ...
Inflammation, promoted by apolipoproteins and oxidized phospholipids in the artery wall, and oxidative stress are also essential in the vascular calcification process [53,54]. Furthermore, it has been estimated that conventional risk factors account for 40% of the variability of coronary calcification...
The latter includes cellular efflux from peripheral cells via Abca1, Abcg1, Abcg4, Abcg5, and Abcg8 [43,49,50,51], but also the blood transport of cholesterol toward the liver by stimulating apolipoprotein genes, such as APOE/CI/CII/CIV [52,53]. Altogether, these data enlighten the...