Salinization is the buildup of salts in soils to a point that they destroy the physical and chemical properties of soil and make it impossible for plants to take up water from the soil. Salinization is often associated with improper irrigation. Desertification is caused by a combination of ...
Takamatsu et al. (2001) concluded that chronic water stress inCryptomeria japonicaand its decline was likely caused by the deterioration of epicuticular wax and stomata clogging with aerosols from the gaseous air pollutants, in addition to the environmental aridification. In Melbourne, Australia,...
While the immediate impacts on delta systems are caused by technical interventions that could be reversed or changed, these interventions are embedded in, and originate from, wider system characteristics such as population growth, intensive agricultural production systems, economic development, and ...
Underfitting means the opposite – not enough variables and the model is too simple. Both reduce prediction accuracy.) Incremental response (also called net lift or uplift models). These model the change in probability caused by an action. They are widely used to reduce churn and to discover ...
hardware failures, natural disasters, and outages caused by human error. Some you can anticipate. For example, all organizations can be targeted by cyberattacks. Some companies are based where natural disasters, such as hurricanes, earthquakes, and floods, are more likely to occur. Human error is...
A botnet is a network of devices that has been infected with malicious software, such as avirus. Attackers can control a botnet as a group without the owner’s knowledge with the goal of increasing the magnitude of their attacks. Often, a botnet is used to overwhelm systems in adistributed...
Impacts clearly caused by excessive rainfall and all types of non-impact information meant classification of “not reported”. Confusion matrices comparing drought impact observations to Drought Monitor outputs were used to assess the relationship between the two datasets (Fig. 5). Download: Download ...
Our interest is in the way the earth’s biosphere and its ecosystems might change over time. We are not classifying this as climate change because in view of the history over the last 20 years, it is an unhelpful abstraction. But we are interested in the behaviour of droughts, floods, se...
Different species have been frequently introduced in South America, like the North American beaver (Castor canadensis) and African hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius). They have caused an enhanced transfer of DOM from terrestrial to aquatic ecosystems, potentially contributing to browning, thus ...
(Dziewiecka2008). Ngamiland was seen as being rich in grasslands, woods and water, especially during the wet season, and Okavango floods attracted a lot of gam, making it a favourable place for theKwe, ‘…the Kwe were generally carefree people…, they knew the land…faced with the worst...