Salinization is the buildup of salts in soils to a point that they destroy the physical and chemical properties of soil and make it impossible for plants to take up water from the soil. Salinization is often associated with improper irrigation. Desertification is caused by a combination of ...
WHO, WTO and the EU, many of which were largely created after WW2 by the winning Western powers, expresses this shift as well. Ironically the UK’s Brexit decision can be seen another expression of national individualism, as can Trump’s rallying call to ‘make America great again’. Can ...
hardware failures, natural disasters, and outages caused by human error. Some you can anticipate. For example, all organizations can be targeted by cyberattacks. Some companies are based where natural disasters, such as hurricanes, earthquakes, and floods, are more likely to occur. Human error is...
Even though passed into law, the government’s provisions for pensioners remain unkept. But I wasn’t going to trust the company again after a long list of unkept promises to issue a refund. Years after the floods, however, some suburbs remain unkept and uninhabitable. It’s an easy adject...
A botnet is a network of devices that has been infected with malicious software, such as avirus. Attackers can control a botnet as a group without the owner’s knowledge with the goal of increasing the magnitude of their attacks. Often, a botnet is used to overwhelm systems in adistributed...
The Paris Agreement of 2015 created a voluntary plan of action for governments around the world to reduce their use of fossil fuels to reduce CO2 emissions. The goal of the agreement was to keep global warming caused by man-made CO2 to less than 2 degrees C (about 4 degrees F) in the...
While the immediate impacts on delta systems are caused by technical interventions that could be reversed or changed, these interventions are embedded in, and originate from, wider system characteristics such as population growth, intensive agricultural production systems, economic development, and ...
Underfitting means the opposite – not enough variables and the model is too simple. Both reduce prediction accuracy.) Incremental response (also called net lift or uplift models). These model the change in probability caused by an action. They are widely used to reduce churn and to discover ...
Impacts clearly caused by excessive rainfall and all types of non-impact information meant classification of “not reported”. Confusion matrices comparing drought impact observations to Drought Monitor outputs were used to assess the relationship between the two datasets (Fig. 5). Download: Download ...
When Frontiers eventually retracted the paper, it noted that it had conducted a nearly year-long investigation into the complaints, and found no problems of either an ethical or academic nature with the paper. So the retraction caused something of a stir, in reaction to which Frontiers has issu...